American Pageant Ch 27 Question Review by Justin Anderson IV (edited by Ashton Wong)

What age was dawning as America responded to the scramble of other nations for international advantage?

"age of empire"

Who described foreign exploits as mainly adventures?

What did they describe it through?

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

"yellow press"

What book inspired pious missionaries?

Who wrote it?

Who did he want to spread American religion and values to as he believed in the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon civilization?

Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis; Reverend Josiah Strong

"backward" people

Who interpreted Darwinism to mean that the earth belonged to the strong and the fit?

Theodore Roosevelt and Congressman Henry Cabot Lodge

What countries extorted concessions from the Chinese empire in the 1890s?

Japan, Germany, Russia

What book argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance?

Who wrote it?

The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1660-1783);

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan

What policy attempted to rally Latin American nations behind U.S. leadership and open Latin American markets to Yankee traders?

Who came up with the policy?

Big Sister Policy;

two time secretary of state James G. Blaine

Which conference was the beginnings of an increasingly important series of inter-American assemblages?

Who presided over the conference and gained recognition for their efforts?

Pan-American Conference (Washington D.C.)

James G. Blaine

What islands were formally divided between America and Germany that they almost clashed over?

What would the German part of the island be called?

What would the American part be called?

Samoan Islands in South Pacific

German Samoa (Independent republic)

American Samoa (American possession)

What brought America and Italy to the brink of war?

What did America have to do to prevent this war?

the lynching of eleven Italians in New Orleans (1891)

agree to pay compensation

What almost brought America and Chile to war?

What did Chile have to pay to America?

Death of two American sailors in port of Valparaiso (1892)

indemnity

What conflict between the U.S. and Canada was increased tensions between the two countries and was resolved by arbitration?

seal hunting near the Pribilof Islands (near the coast of Alaska)

What brought the jungle boundary conflict between British Guiana and Venezuela to a head?

the discovery of gold

Who was the secretary of state under President Cleveland?

What was a combative note that was sent to Britain?

Richard Olney

Monroe Doctrine

Who was leading Germany during President Cleveland's presidency?

Kaiser Wilhelm

Who was Britain looming war with which led them to not go to war with America again?

Dutch-descended Boers in South Africa

What British policy replaced "twisting the lion's tail" and was a soft treatment of American interests?

patting the eagle's head

What term was used to describe the reconciliation between the United States and Britain?

Great Rapprochement

What was a way station and provisioning point for Yankee shippers, sailors, and whalers?

What was it an important center for?

Which department would hold control over the territory?

Hawaii

sugar production

State Department

What strengthened the American grip of Hawaii in 1887?

Treaty with Native Government guaranteeing priceless naval-base rights at Pearl Harbor

What raised barriers against Hawaiian sugar and soured sugar markets in 1890?

McKinley Tariff

How much of the Hawaii population remained after its first contact with Europeans?

What would it lead American sugar lords to import the large number of Asian American laborers to work?

one-sixth;

canefields and sugar mills

Who was the last reigning queen of Hawaii?

What were her most famous songs?

Liliuokalani;

Aloha Oe and Farewell to Thee

Who ordered American troops to land in Hawaii and organize a revolt in 1893?

What did he write to his superiors in Washington as it was successful?

expansionist American minister in Honolulu

"The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe"

Why couldn't the treaty of annexation of Hawaii be passed through Senate?

Republican president Harrison's term expired, President Cleveland ("Old Grover") came in and believed America wronged the queen of Hawaii

When did the United States fully acquire or annex Hawaii?

July 7, 1898

What was the backbone of Cuba's prosperity?

What crippled it?

sugar production

American Tariff in 1894

Who torched canefields and sugar mills during the Cuban revolt in 1895 ?

insurrectos

How much of an investment stake did American business have in Cuba?

Annual Trade Stake?

$50 million

$100 million

Who said that Cuba lay "right athwart the line"?

What did it lead to?

According to the same person, whoever controlled Cuba controls what?

Senator Lodge

Panama Canal

"controls the Gulf [of Mexico]"

Who crushed the Cuban rebellion by herding civilians into concentration camps?

According to the book, what did victims in the camp die like?

Spanish General "Butcher" Weyler;

Dogs

What did Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst use to promote American interests?

What did each attempt to outdo the other with in a titanic duel for circulation?

"yellow journalism"

screeching headlines and hair-raising "scoops"

Who did Hearst send to Cuba to draw sketches of the war/revolt?

What did he say to him?

Frederic Remington

"You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"

What did Frederic Remington depict Spanish customs officials brutally disrobing and searching?

American woman

Whose private letter did Hearst publicize that described President McKinley in decidedly unflattering terms that would force their resignation?

Spanish Minister Dupuy de Lome

What battleship did Washington send to Cuba for a "friendly visit" but actually to protect and evacuate Americans if a dangerous flare-up occurs?

Maine

Where did the Maine mysteriously blow up?

How many people died?

When?

Havana harbor;

260;

Feb 15, 1898

What did the Spaniards conclude the explosion of the Maine to be from?

What did Americans argue that the explosion of the Maine to be from?

internal and accidental;

submarine mine

Who confirmed the original Spanish finding that the explosion of the Maine was accidental by spontaneous combustion in one of the coal bunkers?

H.G. Rickover (1976)

What was the famous battle cry after the explosion of the Maine?

Remember the Maine!, to hell with Spain!

What two basic Washington demands did Madrid agree to?

end to reconcentration camps;

armistice with Cuban rebels

What did opposers of President McKinley call him?

"Wobbly Willie"

What did Theodore Roosevelt believe that McKinley did not have?

What did he describe McKinley as?

"the backbone of a chocolate eclair";

"white-livered"

What proclaimed to the world that when the United States had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give Cubans their freedom?

Teller Amendment

What did some foreigners think America's national anthem was?

"There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight"

"Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here"

Who was away from his office when Roosevelt cabled to American forces to be ready to descend upon Spanish Philippines?

Who did Roosevelt cable?

Which squadron did they command?

Navy Secretary John D. Long;

Commodore George Dewey;

Asiatic Squadron at Hong Kong

Who was John D. Long's assistant secretary?

Theodore Roosevelt

What did Long write about Roosevelt's actions?

"The very devil seemed to possess him"

How many warships did Dewey sail into the harbor of Manila?

How many ships were in the Spanish fleet that he attacked?

How many Spaniards were killed and wounded?

How many Americans were killed?

What would later appear in the Manila harbor that would deepen the tension?

six;

ten;

400;

none;

German Warships

Who commanded the Filipino insurgents that was part-chinese that would collaborate with the American troops to capture Manila?

When was Manila captured?

Emilio Aguinaldo;

August 13, 1898

When did Hawaii receive full territorial status?

1900

Who led invading American forces to drive out Spanish ships out of Cuba?

What were his forces provided with?

William Shafter

heavy woolen underwear and uniforms designed against Indians

What was the colorful regiment of volunteers consisting of mainly western cowboys, ex-polo players, and ex-convicts that were party of the invading army called?

Who were they commanded by?

Who organized them?

Rough Riders;

Colonel Leonard Wood;

Theodore Roosevelt (serving as lieutenant colonel at the time)

Where did the American army of seventeen thousand men embark at?

Where did Shafter land thanks to the diversionary tactics of Cuban insurrectos and would meet little opposition?

Tampa, Florida;

Santiago

Where did Colonel Roosevelt and his horseless Rough riders charge when brisk fighting broke out on July 1?

El Caney and Kettle Hill

What Theodore Roosevelt rejoice to see his victim double up like?

a jackrabbit

Who created the character "Mr. Dooley"?

What did "Mr. Dooley" ought to have Roosevelt's book been entitled?

Finley Peter Dunne;

Alone in Cuba [sic]

What diseases heavily affected American troops in Cuba?

What was the army called as a result?

What fetid canned meat did American troops suffer from?

How many men lost lives to bullets?

How many lost lives to bacteria and other causes?

malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery, and yellow fever;

"army of convalescents";

"Embalmed Beef";

400;

over 5,000

Who admonished his seamen by saying "Don't cheer, men, The poor devils are dying"?

Captain Phillip of the Texas

What was the first territory to ever be annexed to the United States without the promise of eventual statehood?

Puerto Rico

What island did the United States secure early in the conflict from the Spaniards as they did not know a war was going on?

What did Spain cede to the United States as payment for war costs?

Where would these negotiations occur?

Guam;

Puerto Rico;

Paris

What was the population of the Islands?

Who was especially into annexing Philippines?

Who was deeply concerned about the welfare of Filipinos?

7 million;

Protestant Missionaries

Mrs. McKinley

What generally opposed the war at first but would clamor for profits in the Philippines later when awakened by the booming of Dewey's guns?

Wall Street

What would be a sticking point with the Spaniards in Philippines because it was captured a day after armistice was signed?

Manila

How much did the U.S. pay Spain for the Philippine Islands?

20 million

Who bursted out, "God d[a]m[n] the United States for its vile conduct in the Philippine Isles!"

put in [] otherwise quizlet removes it

Professor/Harvard Philosopher William James

Who was the Speaker of the House that resigned because of America's imperial adventure?

Thomas "Czar" Reed

Who said if Americans were "morally bound to abandon the Philippines, we were also morally bound to abandon Arizona to Apaches"?

Theodore Roosevelt

What organization, with members consisting of the most prominent people in the United States, raised many objections against American imperialism and would fight the McKinley administration's expansionist moves?

Who were some of the famous members of this organization?

The Anti-Imperialist League;

presidents of Stanford and Harvard, Mark Twain, Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie

What philosophy of the Constitution and the Declaration of the Independence would annexing the Filipinos violate?

"consent of governed"

What British poet advocated for America to go down the slippery path of imperialism with a poem?

The poem had circulated to two people before publication, one being Theodore Roosevelt, who was the other?

What did Roosevelt find the poem to be?

Rudyard Kipling;

Henry Cabot Lodge;

"good sense" but "poor poetry"

When did Senate approve the treaty with Spain to officially become an empire controlling Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines?

How many votes did they spare?

Feb 6, 1899;

one

What accorded Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government?

What favorited island pastime of Puerto Rico did it also outlaw?

Foraker Act;

cockfighting

When did Congress grant U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans?

1917

Where did a great number of Puerto Ricans move to?

New York City

What questions did Puerto Rican petitioners ask Congress regarding the legal problem of the annexation of Puerto Rico?

"Who are we?"

"Are we citizens or are we subjects?"

What was a series of cases about the status of U.S. territories acquired in the Spanish American War?

Insular cases

Who was under the administration of the military government set up in Cuba?

What did he launch an attack on?

Which colonel that was a strong leader did he attack with?

Leonard Wood

yellow fever

William Gorgas

Who conducted spectacular experiments on American soldiers and proved that the stegomyia mosquito was proved to be the lethal carrier of yellow fever?

What did the American soldiers volunteer as?

Where would yellow fever be wiped out?

Dr. Walter Reed;

human guinea pigs;

Havana

What forced newly liberated Cubans to agree not to conclude treaties internationally that might compromise their independence and not take on debt beyond their resources?

Platt Amendment

What survives as a colloquial term of derision even in modern-day Cuba?

"Plattism"

What was a notable coaling/naval station that Cubans sold to their powerful "benefactor"?

How many acres does America still occupy today of the station?

Guantanamo;

28,000

How long did the Spanish-American War last in Cuba?

What type of war did Secretary of State John Hay call it?

113 days;

"splendid little war"

Who led the newly popular military marching band music?

John Philip Sousa

Who energized support for more and better battleships?

Captain Mahan

Who established a general staff for the army and founded the War college in Washington?

Secretary of War Elihu Root

Who was a confederate calvary hero of about a thousand Civil War skirmishes and battles that was given command in Cuba?

What did they famously yell?

General Joseph "Fighting Joe" Wheeler

"To hell with the Yankees! Dammit, I mean the Spaniards"

What did distant U.S. territories eventually become?

"heel of Achilles"

Who led an open insurrection in the Philippines toward the occupying American troops on Feb 4, 1899?

How many troops did the United States deploy in response?

Emilio Aguinaldo;

126,000

What did the shift of Americans viewing Filipinos as dangerous enemies of the United States contribute to in which both sides perpetrated sordid atrocities?

"race war"

What was it called American soldiers forced water down victims' throats until they yielded information or died?

"water cure"

Which poet did a New York newspaper publish a reply to?

Rudyard Kipling

What broke the back of the Filipino insurrection?

How many American lives would be lost?

How many Filipino lives would be lost?

infiltration of guerrilla camp and capture of Aguinaldo

4234

200,000

Who future president became a civil governor of the Philippines in 1901?

How many pounds did he weigh?

What did they call the Filipinos as he formed a strong attachment to them?

William Taft;

350;

"little brown brothers"

When did Filipinos get their freedom?

July 4th, 1946

What was dispatched to all great powers urging them to announce in their spheres of influence that they would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition?

Who wrote it?

Open Door note;

Secretary of State John Hay

What specific part of China did Russia have covetous designs on?

Manchuria

What rebellion were thousands of Chinese Christians and two hundred foreigners were killed in?

What were the attackers

What was their cry?

How many soldiers arrived to quell the rebellion?

What treaty were the American troops trying to protect their U.S. rights under?

Boxer Rebellion;

"Boxers"

"Kill Foreign Devils";

18,000;

Treaty of Wanghia

How much was China assessed an excessive indemnity of?

What was the America's share to be?

What was it later remitted to?

What was the money used for?

$333 million

$24.5 million

$18 million

education of selected group of Chinese students in U.S.

In what treaty were the principles of the Open Door incorporated to?

Which country would break the treaty?

Nine-Power Treaty of 1922;

Japan by taking over Manchuria a decade later