Review of Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to kinetic molecular theory and gas laws from the lecture notes.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that explains the behavior of gases in terms of particles in constant random motion.

Elastic Collisions

Collisions between gas particles that do not result in any loss of kinetic energy.

Avogadro's Number

6.022 x 10^23, the number of particles in one mole of a substance.

Ideal Gas Law

The equation of state for a gas, expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

Effusion

The process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening from one compartment to another.

Diffusion

The spreading of gas particles throughout a container or area.

Graham's Law

A law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Boltzmann Distribution

A statistical distribution of the speeds of particles in a gas.

Point Masses

An assumption in kinetic molecular theory that gas particles have no volume.

Absolute Zero

Theoretically the lowest temperature possible, at which point all motion in particles ceases, defined as 0 Kelvin.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole.

Kinetic Energy

The energy that a gas particle possesses due to its motion, which is proportional to temperature in Kelvin.

Ideal Gas

A hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the gas laws without any exceptions.

Pressure-Volume Relationship

The inverse relationship defined by Boyle's Law, where pressure increases as volume decreases.

Charles' Law

The direct relationship between the volume of a gas and its absolute temperature when pressure is kept constant.

Avogadro's Law

The principle stating that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles when temperature and pressure are constant.

Amonton's Law

The relationship stating that pressure is directly proportional to temperature if the volume remains constant.