SPED 240 Exam 2

Emotional/Behavior Disorders

The inability to learn not related to other factors, inability to build or maintain satisfactory relationships, inappropriate types of behaviors or feelings under normal circumstances, a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression, a tendency to develop physical symptoms, doesn't apply yo student who are "socially maladjusted" but includes schizophrenia.

Internalizing Behavior

Behaviors that are directed inwardly. e.g. antisocial, hypochondria, depression, and anxiety.

Externalizing Behavior

Behaviors that are directed outwardly, e.g. yelling, cursing, hitting, and fighting.

Other EBD characteristics

Deficits in academic achievement, low GPA, high absenteeism, at risk for school failure and early drop out, social skills, less participation in extracurricular activities, lower quality peer relationships, juvenile delinquency, an ongoing condition

Applied Behavior Analysis

Applied behavior analysis looks at the relationship between observable human behavior that is of social value and how it's affected by observable events surrounding the individual

Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports

Rewards positive behavior instead of punishing negative behavior. (Tier 1) involves behavioral expectations.

Autism

A developmental disability affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally before age 3, that adversely affects a child's performance.

Autism Characteristics

Unusual responsiveness to sensory stimuli, insistence on sameness and preservation, ritualistic and stereotypic behavior, aggressive or self-injurious behavior.

Autism Criteria

Marked by impaired social interaction, impaired communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior of interest, and activities.

Communication

The interactive exchange of information, ides, feelings, and desires.

Language

A formalized code used by group to communicate with one another.

Speech

The oral production of language.

Communication disorder

Stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's education performance.

Speech disorders

Articulation disorders, fluency disorders and voice disorders.

Language disorders

Children with difficulty learning a language (receptive language disorder). Children who have trouble using language (expressive language disorder).

Legal Blindness

A person whose vision acuity is 20/200 or less after the best possible correction with glasses or contact lenses is considered legally blind. A person whose vision is restricted to an area of 20 degrees or less is considered legally blind.

IDEA Visual Impairment

Totally blind- receives no useful information through the sense of vision. Functionally blind- learns primarily through the auditory and tactile. Low vision- uses vision as a primary means of learning but may supplement by using tactile and auditory input.

Functionally blind

Learns primarily through auditory and tactile

Braille

A form of written language for blind people, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots that are felt with the fingertips

Kurzweil Reader

Converts print into verbal words

Visual acuity

Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or number at a given distance per fixed standard.

What do you do when helping a blind person?

You ask them if they need help, if they say yes, offer them your arm and lead them to their destination. Do not grab their arm!

What is Asperger's Syndrome?

An autism spectrum disorder that is at the mild end of the spectrum and is characterized by impairments in the social areas, particularly an inability to understand how to interact socially

Children with autism may exhibit persistent and repetitive motor or vocal behaviors that do not serve any apparent function such as rocking, twirling around, or flapping their hands. This is called ______________.

stereotypy

The prevalence of children with autism is currently ______________.

1 in 68 children

The dramatic increase in the number of children receiving special education under the autism category is likely due to what?

• changes in federal and state policy and law favoring better identification and reporting of autism.

• changes in the diagnostic criteria to a spectrum of related disorders that includes children with milder forms of autism who would not have been identified previously.

• greater awareness of autism spectrum disorder.

Although research has also eliminated several suspected causes, such as parenting practices and the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, the definitive cause of autism is?

still unknown at this time.

Early diagnosis of autism is

critical because enables early intervention and dramatically better outcomes than are typically obtained when intervention begins later in the child's life.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy derived from applied behavior analysis for teaching students with autism spectrum disorder?
a. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

b. Inquiry-based learning

c.Methods of errorless discrimination learning

d. Naturalistic strategies for teaching language and social skills

b. Inquiry-based learning

Which of the following is an advantage of teaching children with autism in regular classrooms?

Socially competent children in regular classrooms are an essential ingredient for peer-mediated interventions.

An advantage of using evidence-based practices—choral responding, class-wide peer tutoring, response cards, and self-management tasks—with children with autism is that:

They can be applied with typically developing students in the class in addition to their use with the student with ASD.

The definition of visual impairment in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) emphasizes the relationship between:

Vision and learning

Legal blindness is defined as:

Visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the use of a corrective lens.

Many students with visual impairments have one or more disabilities and are served and counted under other categories such as:

Deaf-blindness and multiple disabilities

Causes of visual impairments are classified under which three categories?

Refractive errors, structural impairments, and cortical visual impairments

Which of the following statements regarding the etiology of a student's visual impairment is true?

It is helpful for teachers to know the etiology of a student's visual impairment when determining necessary classroom supports.

Which of the following visual impairments are classified as refractive errors?

Myopia and hyperopia

_________________ is knowing where you are, where you are going, and how to get there by interpreting information from the environment. ________________ involves moving safely and efficiently from one point to another.

Orientation; mobility

In the past, most children with severe visual impairments were educated in _________________. Today, however, the vast majority students with visual impairments are educated in ________________.

Residential schools; public schools

Vision specialists provide support to which of the following?

Students with visual impairments in the general education classroom

A student who is/has _______________ receives no useful information through the sense of vision and must use tactile and auditory senses for all learning.

Totally blind

Which three dimensions of language define its form?

Phonology, morphology, and syntax

A ____________ language disorder interferes with understanding of language; and a _____________ language disorder interferes with production.

receptive; expressive

The two basic types of voice disorders involve:

Phonation and resonance

Which of the following statements regarding the prevalence of speech or language impairments is NOT true?

A. Speech or language impairment is the second-largest disability category after learning disabilities.

B.The percentage of children with speech or language impairments increases significantly from the earlier to the later school grades.

C. A total of 21% of all students receiving special education services are served under the category of speech or language impairment.

D. Approximately 50% of children who receive special education under another primary disability category also have communication disorders.

B. The percentage of children with speech or language impairments increases significantly from the earlier to the later school grades.

_________________________ is the collective name for a group of speech disorders caused by neuromuscular impairments that affect the movements necessary for proper respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation, or prosodic aspects of speech.

Dysarthria

Which of the following components of a comprehensive evaluation to detect speech or language disorders may involve providing the student with open-ended prompts such as: "Tell me about your family"?

Language samples

_______________ is an assessment of a set of language skills required in everyday face-to-face communication.

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)

The three components of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are:

A representational symbol set or vocabulary, a means for selecting the symbols, and a means for transmitting the symbols.

A community-based model of service delivery for speech and language therapy is most often used with:

Preschoolers and sometimes students with severe disabilities.

Which of the following statements about the role of the speech and language pathologist (SLP) is true?

A.The SLP never provides training or consultation to general education teachers.

B.The least prevalent model of service delivery is the pull-out approach, sometimes called intermittent direct service.

C. Increasingly, SLPs are working as educational partners in the classroom, mediating between students' communication needs and the communication demands of the academic curriculum.

D. Many SLPs believe they can adequately serve a child with speech or language impairments with an isolated, pull-out approach.

C. Increasingly, SLPs are working as educational partners in the classroom, mediating between students' communication needs and the communication demands of the academic curriculum.

Children with emotional or behavioral disorders exhibit two primary behavioral excesses:

Externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors.

Functional Behavior Assessment

• A systematic process for collecting data to determine why a student may engage in challenging behavior.

• Used to generate hypotheses about why behavior occurs.

• Tries to determine the functions of behavior: to get something or to avoid or escape from something

• Leads to the development of a Behavior Intervention Plan

Two types of FBA:

• Indirect FBA uses interviews to gather information

• Descriptive or direct FBA uses direct observation to get information