2.2 PE-Skill Acquisition-Principles and theories of learning and performance

What are the stages of learning?

What are the stages of learning?

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

What are the 8 types of feedback?

• Positive

• Negative

• Extrinsic

• Intrinsic

• Knowledge of results

• Knowledge of performance

What type of feedback is best for each stage of learning?

• Cognitive-Positive, external, Knowledge of performance

• Associative-External, Knowledge of performance

• Autonomous-Internal, Knowledge of results

What are the 4 types of guidance?

• Manual

• Mechanical

• Visual

• Verbal

What are the causes of a learning plateau?

• Lack of motivation

• Boredom

• Poor coaching

• Fatigue

• Targets set to low

• Limit of ability

What is a learning plateau?

A period of time in which no improvements in performance can be seen.

What are solutions to overcome a learning plateau?

• Find a new coach

• More positive reinforcement from coach

• A rest could be taken to avoid fatigue

• More variety could be added to training

• Set more challenging goals to improve motivation

What is Operant conditioning?

Coach uses a manipulative approach to shape the behavior of the performer to ensure the skills are learned. The use of rewards and punishments help to build the Stimulus-response bond

What are the 3 key features of Operant conditioning?

• It is based on trial and error learning

• the coach might manipulate the environment when using operant conditioning

• Shapes behavior through reinforcement

what is positive reinforcement?

A pleasant stimulus is given to increase the likelihood of a correct response occurring again in the future.

What is negative reinforcement?

The removal of an unpleasant stimuli to encourage the correct the response in the future

What is punishment?

When a coach gives an unpleasant stimulus to prevent incorrect actions from happening

What is Bandura’s Observational learning?

The suggestion that both acceptable and unacceptable behavior can be learned by watching and copying others

What are the 4 stages of Banduras learning?

1. Attention-Making sure the performer takes note of the relevant cues, the more attractive the demo is the more likely it is to be copied

2. Retention-The ability to remember important information and recall it from memory systems

3. Motor reproduction-The ability of the learner to actually complete the skill

4. Motivation-The drive needed to copy the demonstration

What is intra-psycological learning?

Learning from within after gaining external knowledge from others.

What is constructivism?

Building up learning in stages, based on the current level of performance

What are the 3 stages in the Zone of proximal development?

1. What can i do alone?

2. What can i do with help?

3. What can i not do yet?

What is insight learning?

When the performer uses existing knowledge to form am idea of how to deal with problematic sporting situations.