chapter 16: Gene Expression

Where do transcription and translation happen in prokaryotes?

At the same time in the cytoplasm.

At what level is gene regulation mostly controlled in prokaryotes?

The transcriptional level.

What are the three regulatory molecules that affect operons in prokaryotes?

Repressors, activators, and inducers.

What do repressors do?

They block transcription of a gene.

What do activators do?

They increase the rate of transcription.

What do inducers do?

They turn on gene expression by removing repressors or helping activators.

Where does transcription and RNA processing happen in eukaryotes?

In the nucleus.

Where does translation happen in eukaryotic cells?

In the Cytoplasm.

What proteins does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?

Histone proteins.

What structure does DNA + histones make?

Nucleosome complexes.

What are introns?

Non-coding regions removed from RNA before translation.

What are exons?

RNA regions that code for protein and remain in the final mRNA.

What happens to introns and exons before translation?

Introns are removed; exons are spliced together.