AP Human Geography Unit 5 terms

Centripetal force

A value that tends to unite people

Centrifugal

A value that tends to pull people apart

Creole language

A language that results from mixing a colonizers and a indigenous persons language

Denglish

Combination of German and English 

Developing language

Language in daily use with a literary tradition that is not widely distributed

Dialect

Regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling and punctuation

Dying language

Language used by older people but not being passed down to children

Endangered language

Language children are no longer learning and speakers use less often

Extinct language

Language once used by people daily but no longer used

Franglais

Combination of French and English

Institutional language 

Language used in education, work, mass media and government 

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions where different word choices are predominant

Isolated language

Language that is unrelated to any other languages and not attached to a language family

Language branch

Collection of languages related to a common ancestor confirmed through archaeological evidence

Language family

Collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Language group

Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in relatively recent past and display few differences in grammar and vocabulary 

Lingua franca 

Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade between people who know different languages

Literary tradition

A language that is written as well as spoken

Logogram

A symbol that represents a word rather than a sound

Mutual intelligibility

Ability of people communicating in two ways to understand each other without prior familiarity

Official language

Language adopted for use by a government for business and document publication

Pidgin language

Language that has simplified grammar and limited vocabulary used for basic communication between two language speakers

Received Pronunciation

The dialect of English used by politicians, broadcasters and actors in the UK

Spanglish

Combination of Spanish and English spoken by Hispanic Americans

Subdialect

Subdivision of dialect

Standard language

Language used in professional settings in government, business, education and mass communication 

Threatened language

Language used in face to face communication but losing it’s users

Vigorous language

Language that is in daily use but lacks literary tradition and documentation 

Vulgar Latin

Form of Latin used in daily conversations by Roman’s opposed to standard dialect

Working language

Language used by a international organization or corporation used for daily correspondence and conversation