GEOS 25600 Final Exam

G

7×10^-11

c

3×10^8m/s

Seconds in a year

3×10^7s

1 Cal in joules

4×10³j

1j (in si units)

1kg*m²/s²

Power=

work/time

1 eV in joules

1.6×10^-19j

1 Gallon in liters

4L

Typical eV released in a chemical reaction

~3eV

1L in m³

10^-3m³

Surface area of a sphere

4pi*r²

Earth’s radius

6×10^6m

Earth’s mass

6×10²⁴kg

Rock density

2500kg/m³

Water density

10³kg/m³

Moon’s radius

1.6×10^6m

Distance to moon

4×10^8m

Distance to the sun

1.5×10^11m

Sun’s radius

7×10^8m

Sun’s mass

2×10³⁰kg

Suns luminosity

4×10²⁶w

Solar constant

1.4×10³w/m²

Solar flux at ground

10³w/m²

Air density

1kg/m³

Train cars on a train

~100

Weight of a train car empty

25 tons

Weight of a full train car

100 tons

Mechanical efficiency of a human

25%

Laptop power

50w

Gasoline energy density

4×10^7j/kg

Coal energy density

10^7j/kg

Uranium energy density

6×10^12j/kg

Li-ion battery energy density

8×10^5j/kg

Weight of an ev battery

500kg

Ice efficiency

1/3

Average miles driven per person

25miles/day

Car mpg

25

Width of US

5000km

Surface atmospheric pressure

10^5Pa

Pa (si units)

n/m²

Specific gas constant

287j/(kg*k)

Specific heat of air

10³j/(kg*k)

Avogadros number

6×10²³mol

Gasoline

CH₂

Methane

CH₄

Gravitational potential energy

-Gm1m2/r

Self-binding gravity

.6GM²/r

Surface gravity

g=GM/r²

Orbital speed

v=sqrt(GM/r)

Tidal force

2GMmR/d³

Flux-Luminosity relationship

F=L/4pi*r²

Energy released on contraction

GM²dr/r²

Drag force (C=1)

.5CpAv²

Ideal gas law

pv=nrt

Atmospheric mass

(P_s4pi*R²)/g

Weight of a bullet

10g

Bullet speed

5×10²m/s

Weight of an arrow

20g

Speed of an arrow

100m/s

Percent of oxygen used when breathing

~20%