Introduction to Nursing FInal Exam

Which of the following examples best illustrates the impact on population health?

Implementation of sanitation practices leading to reduced infection rates among wounded soldiers.

Which of the following is NOT true about Florence Nightingale?

She enrolled as a nursing student at the German Institute of Protestant Deaconesses in 1850.

What are some of the external forces influencing contemporary nursing practice?

Changing population demographics and healthcare priorities

Which of the following statements about Florence Nightingale is true?

She emphasized the importance of environmental factors in providing quality nursing care.

Select all statements that accurately reflect the characteristics and roles of nursing theories in practice:

• Practice theories provide guidance for specific settings or protocols.

• Expert nurses may use multiple theories throughout their career, adapting their practice to best suit individual patient needs.

• Privacy, preservation of dignity, and confidentiality are aspects guided by nursing theorists in practice.

• Nursing theories guide nursing practice by offering insights into the nurse-patient relationship within healthcare settings.

• Mid-range theories focus on concepts such as self-care or caring

• Nursing theories promote patient-centered care influenced by patient preferences, needs, and the environment.

Match the nursing theorist with the nursing theory

• Florence Nightingale = Focused on nursing and the patient's environmental relationship

• Jean Watson = Caring is central to the essence of nursing

• Patricia Benner = Described systematically five stages of skill acquisition in nursing practice- novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.

• Sister Callista Roy = The individual is a biopsychosocial adaptive system within an environment.

• Madeleine Leininger = Caring is universal and varies transculturally

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the role of nurses in addressing health disparities and vulnerable populations?

 Nurses should adjust care to meet the needs of various populations based on evidence-based data and critical thinking, especially when resources are limited.

How do nursing theories influence the practice of expert nurses?

By providing a framework that allows for flexibility in adapting care approaches to meet individual patient needs.

Which of the following statements best reflects the role of nurses in health policy?

Nurses have the potential to inform policies that influence how care is delivered and focus on addressing root causes of healthcare issues.

Select all statements that accurately describe Mildred Montag:

• She received a baccalaureate in nursing from the University of Minnesota.

• Montag focused on elevating nursing as a profession.

• Montag's efforts contributed to the establishment of Associate Degree Nursing programs.

• She earned a PhD from Teachers College Columbia University.

Continuous presence in nurse-patient encounters requires nurses to practice self-care to avoid burnout and compassion fatigue, which can lead to decreased quality of life.

True

Nurses' decisions in ethical dilemmas are solely guided by a strong sense of professional identity.

False 

Which statement accurately reflects the definition of nursing identity?

Nursing identity involves a transition from a layperson mindset to a professional identity.

The act of "doing" in nursing education solely encompasses the careful and safe application of nursing skills, which fully explains how laypersons become professional nurses.

False

The qualities that expert nurses develop for life-long learning and sustaining professional life are? Select all that apply.

• Contribute courageously to ethical structures and practice of the profession

• Develop a strong identity where nursing standards are essential features of one’s view of oneself as a member of the profession

• Deeply engage with the profession’s purposes and derive meaning and satisfaction from the work

• Habitually interpret and understand complex situations in terms of the profession’s moral purposes and standards

• Consistently respond to patients, families, co-workers, and supervisors in alignment with professional ideals rather than from self-interest

Why is self-care important for nurses?

Self-care reduces the risk of errors and improves patient safety.

which of the following statements accurately describes the process of professional identity development in nursing?

Professional identity development encompasses ways of being, knowing, and doing as a nurse.

Which of the following statements about professional identity in nursing is most accurate?

Professional identity in nursing involves continuous self-reflection, growth, and adaptation.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the concept of resilience?

Resilience is the ability to bounce back, adapt, and become more resourceful or stronger after facing adversity.

Expert nurses develop a personal mindset called "being" that is solely informed by social and professional rules, principles, laws, codes, and standards.

False 

Which of the following best defines healthcare law?

Healthcare law encompasses regulations related to healthcare practitioners, patient rights, quality of care, payment for services, licensure, and malpractice issues.

Moral distress occurs when nurses are unable to act on ethical principles or have conflicts between personal and professional ethics, or act outside of either code. With moral distress, the nurse knows the right thing to do but fails to act due to some external or internal influence.

True 

Match the correct term with the correct definition/example.

• Accountability= Responsibility for one's own action

• Advocay= Supports patients’ health, safety, and rights through application of your knowledge

• Autonomy = Includes patients in decisions for all aspects of care while telling the truth;

• Beneficence = Does what is good and what is right for the patient 

• Fidelity= Keeps promises and is loyal

• Justice= Approaches every decision and situation with fairness

• Nonmaleficence =Does no harm

• Respect= Unconditional regard for the dignity and worth of each person

Morals deal specifically with elements of right and wrong while ethics are a judgment about a behavior.

False 

Which entity is responsible for determining rules and regulations for nursing practice within each state in the United States?

Nursing Regulatory Bodies (NRB) or State Boards of Nursing (BON)

Match the definition with the correct term

• Assault = Threatening to do harm

• Battery = Intentional touching without consent

• Negligence = Failed to act within standards

• Malpractice = Injury occurred due to not carrying out duty

• Torts = Wrongful acts or omissions 

• Slander = Oral statements of quasi-intentional torts 

• Libel = Written statements of quasi-intentional torts

In many instances, ethical dilemmas arise when conflicting values present themselves, requiring nurses to grapple with multiple ethical principles, emphasizing the critical importance of understanding and navigating these principles appropriately.

True 

Which actions reflect ethical nursing practice as defined by the National League for Nursing (NLN)? Select all that apply.

• Respecting the autonomy and preferences of patients in the decision-making process.

• Acting as moral agents when caring for patients, families, and communities.

• Integrating nursing knowledge with caring, compassion, dignity, and respect for everyone.

Match the correct term with the correct definition.

• Informed Consent = Patient's voluntary agreement to a procedure after understanding risks, benefits, and alternatives

• Advanced Directive = Legal document stating individual's healthcare preferences in advance, often regarding end-of-life care

• Living Will = Legal document outlining individual's preferences for medical treatment in certain situations or conditions

• Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare = Legal authorization for designated person to make medical decisions.

Which of the following is an example of a statutory law? Select all that apply.

• Felony Crimes

• Criminal Law

• Misdemeanor Crimes

• Civil law

Which of the following best describes the purpose of health information technology (HIT)?

To assist in collecting data, tracking performance processes, adjusting delivery of care, and evaluating results to improve health outcomes.

Which of the following are steps involved in evidence-based nursing practice? Select all that apply.

• Evaluate the evidence for worthiness

• Measure the outcomes against expected goals

• Cultivate a spirit of inquiry – consistently question clinical practice

• Ask a clinical question using a research format

• Share the findings with other nurses

• Blend the evidence with clinical expertise and patient preference

• Search for best evidence that relates to the clinical question

Nurses play a significant role in quality improvement efforts, even in small tasks.

True

Which statement best describes the significance of evidence-based practice in nursing?

Evidence-based practice in nursing incorporates knowledge from various disciplines to make informed clinical decisions and improve patient outcomes.

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and latent errors?

Active errors occur right away and are unpredictable, while latent errors are due to hidden system failures.

Match the term to the correct definition.

• Adverse events = Events that cause unintended harm due to an act or a failure to act.

• Near misses = Event that could have caused harm, but consequences did not occur because of chance, prevention of the consequence, or mitigation such as early discovery and intervention.

• Sentinel events = Events that are unexpected errors that cause death or a serious physical or psychological injury.

Which statement best describes evidence-based practice in nursing?

Evidence-based practice is the consistent use of well-researched information for clinical decision-making while considering individual needs and preferences.

Which of the following statements align with the responsibilities of nurses regarding safety in healthcare? Select all that apply.

• Raising the head of a patient's bed before offering a drink of water is a standard safety protocol.

• Nurses are accountable for individual safety practices.

• Nurses should practice in an environmentally safe and healthy manner.

Which of the following are characteristics of high-reliability organizations as described by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)? Select all that apply.

• Sensitive to operations at the 'big picture' level (situational awareness).

• Alert to new threats and preoccupied with potential failure.

• Defer to expertise of the people closest to the work.

a common approach to moving through the quality improvement process is PDSA. Match each of the PDSA to the correct examples.

• P =Identify a goal or outcome, formulate a theory (why), decide on measurement tools, and plan action steps

• D = Perform the task(s)

• S = Monitor and test for signs of progress, success, problems, and failures

• A = earn from the experience, adjust the goal, change methods, rethink the theory (why), broaden learning from the small-scale experiment to a larger plan for system improvement  

Which of the following statements best describes relationship-centered care in nursing practice,? Select all that apply.

• Relationship-centered care creates a caring atmosphere where patients feel safe, heard, and valued, facilitating the beginning of healing.

• Nurses learn how to build trusting and therapeutic relationships with patients, families, and communities.

• Relationship-centered care emphasizes valuing patients as individuals beyond their illness.

Match the term with the definition

• Enculturation = The process where individuals learn expectations about group beliefs, values, and behaviors (norms) from others within the group

• Acculturation = The learning of new group norms while keeping some norms from the original group

• Assimilation = The process of giving up former cultural identity and norms for another group’s preferences 

• Biculturalism = The ability to maintain both patterns and identities

Patients include individuals, families, and communities of all ages, ethnicities, genders, and cultures.

True 

Which of the following statements best describes the concept of caring in nursing practice?

Caring encompasses promoting health, healing, and hope in response to the human condition.

Which of the following best describes the potential consequence of nurses relying on stereotypes when providing care?

Risk of making mistakes in care and causing unnecessary discomfort or harm.

Which of the following are competencies included in cultural competence? Select all that apply.

• Knowledge

• Skill

• Cultural desire 

• Self-awareness

Which of the following best describes the significance of culture in nursing care?

Culture shapes beliefs about health, illness, and healthcare delivery, influencing patient-centered care.

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of caring in nursing practice?

Caring is a significant and necessary dimension of nursing practice, essential for respectful and therapeutic patient care.

Presence, touch, and listening are three key elements for creating a caring moment.

True

Which of the following statements is true regarding ethnocentrism in nursing?

Ethnocentrism may cause nurses to provide poor-quality healthcare.

Which of the following are attributes, criteria, and contexts in healthcare related to nursing informatics? Select all that apply.

• Policies and Procedures

• Hardware and Software

• Anatomy and Physiology

• Patient Communication Skills

Which of the following is NOT considered an attribute of healthcare systems and organizations?

Healthcare technologies

Match the five rights of safe delegation with the correct statement.

• Right Task= falls within policies, procedures, and training

• Right Circumstances = patient condition is stable)

• Right Person = knowledge and skill has been verified

• Right Direction/Communication = instructions are specific and clear with read-back)

• Right Supervision/Evaluation = licensed nurses monitor/evaluate patient outcome)

Which of the following is described as a benefit of civil teamwork in nursing units?

Enhanced problem-solving ideas

A healthy nurse work environment has been shown to decrease staff morale and compromise patient safety.

False 

Match the correct ISBARR to the correct supporting statement

• Introduction  = Caller’s name, role, and location 

• Situation = What is going on with the patient?

• Background = What is the clinical background or context?

• Assessment = What do I think the problem is?

• Recommendation = What would I do to correct it?

• Readback = If an order is given, repeat to verify

What is the primary purpose of the Nurse’s Bill of Rights advocated by the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

Creating a safe work environment for nurses

Match the correct terms to the correct statement.

• Productivity = efficiency and effectiveness

• Teamwork = collaboration for best outcomes

• Organizing factors = system-wide structures and processes to support HIT

• Project dynamics  = the art and science of quality improved

• Group dynamics = the interplay and communication of team members

Which of the following is an example of a public-sector healthcare organization?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

In a nurse-patient collaboration scenario, what approach did the nurse likely employ to facilitate the patient's learning process?

Cooperative and interactive

What is the purpose of continuing education requirements for nurses?

To establish a standard for nurses to update their knowledge and skills in various areas of nursing practice.

What distinguishes NCLEX-RN questions from most college-level exam questions?

NCLEX-RN questions are designed to assess the ability to apply knowledge and skills in various settings and situations.

Which strategy is recommended in the text for preparing to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN)?

Practicing as many test questions as possible throughout nursing school.

Which considerations are recommended for nursing students to assess when determining their career choices? (Select all that apply).

• Reflecting on preferred nursing specialties and clinical settings.

• Conducting interpersonal skills self-assessments.

• Applying for nurse internship positions prior to graduation.

• Seeking employment as a nurse-tech on a unit with mentorship opportunities.

Which benefits are typically provided by professional organizations for nurses? (Select all that apply).

• Opportunities for networking.

• Access to policy statements and standards of practice.

Which of the following statements best reflects the preparation and characteristics required for becoming a successful student nurse?

Successful student nurses need to demonstrate physical stamina and emotional intelligence.

Which of the following statements best reflects the importance of clinical mentors in the development of nursing students' confidence and flexibility?

Clinical mentors play a pivotal role in fostering confidence and adaptability in nursing students.

Which step is recommended for nursing graduates to take when obtaining their first RN position?

Creating a professional portfolio that includes a resume, reference letters, and a cover letter tailored to the job description and facility mission.

Which of the following statements accurately reflect the roles and responsibilities of registered nurses?

• Nurses may work across various practice settings and with individuals of all ages.

• Nurses are expected to maintain competence in both skills and knowledge

• Nurses are responsible for evaluating their own practice in relation to standards and regulations.

What are the key steps in obtaining licensure for registered nurses? (Select all that apply).

• Completing a background check.

• Providing proof of identification and professional name for the license.

• Choosing a state to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN).

• Providing proof of completion from an accredited nursing program to the state board of nursing.