OTC medicines

Medicines that reduce or relieve headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, injury,…

Pain relievers

The mechanism of NSAIDs

Block the effects of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and thereby stopping the production of prostaglandins

NSAIDs include:

Aspirin, Ibuprofen (rheumatoid degenerative arthritis), Naproxen (arthritis), Ketoprofen (dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis)

A chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, causing inflammation, painful swelling, and eventually joint deformity and bone erosion (viêm khớp dạng thấp, tác nhân do hệ miễn dịch)

Rheumatoid degenerative arthritis

The medical term for painful menstrual periods. It is characterized by cramping or throbbing pain in the lower abdomen, which can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that interferes with daily activities (đau bụng kinh)

Dysmenorrhea

A condition caused by the gradual wear and tear of the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of joint movement (Viêm thoái hóa khớp)

Osteoarthritis

Any medical condition that affects the digestive system, including the stomach and intestines.

Gastrointestinal problems (GI)

An inflammatory process where the tissue damage is temporary. Once the underlying cause or irritant (such as bacteria, trauma, or toxins) is removed, the affected tissue can completely heal and return to its normal, healthy state (Viêm có khả năng phục hồi)

Reversible inflammation

A young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult under the law

Juvenile

Mechanism of Acetaminophen / Paracetamol

Block painful sensation in brain and spinal cord

Acetaminophen such as

Tylenol and Tempra

A form of chronic kidney disease caused by the long-term, excessive consumption of pain-relieving medications (tổn thương thận do thuốc giảm đau)

Analgesic nephropathy

Mechanism of Antihistamine

Block the receptors that trigger itching, nasal irritation, sneezing and mucous production

3 types of antihistamines

Diphenhydramine, Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine

Mechanism of decongestants

Narrowing blood vessels in lining of the nose

The decongestant used in OTC products

Pseudoephedrine

The feelings or sensations that your heart is beating too fast, pounding, fluttering, or skipping a beat

Heart palpitations

High blood sugar

Hyperglycemia

Medication used to suppress or prevent coughing. It is designed for a dry, non-productive cough (a cough that does not produce any mucus or phlegm) to help rest the throat and chest.

Antitussives

2 examples of antitussive

Codeine and dextromethorphan

Medication that helps loosen, thin, and clear mucus (phlegm) from the respiratory tract. It makes the mucus less sticky, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways

Expectorants

Expectorant use in OTC products

Guaifenesin

A state of severe restlessness, anxiety, and increased mental or physical activity

Agitation

A condition in which painful sores or ulcers develop in the protective lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). It occurs when the stomach acid damages the digestive tract's own lining

Peptic ulcer disease

Red spots on the skin that itch (= make you want to rub your skin with your nails), caused by an allergic reaction, for example to certain foods (nổi mề đay)

Urticaria

A drug or other substance that prevents or slows down the process of blood forming a clot (= a solid mass) (thuốc chống đông máu)

Anticoagulant

An infectious disease that causes a slight fever and reddish spots on the skin

Varicella

A medical condition that makes breathing difficult by causing the air passages to become narrow or blocked

Asthma

The chemical compound(s) in the medicine that works with your body to bring relief to your symptoms

Drug facts

This section tells you the symptoms that the medicine is approved to treat

Uses / indications

This section tells you when a healthcare provider needs to be consulted

Warnings

The only recommended daily dosage and frequency of dosage will be listed here, it’s also show how often you should take

Directions

Any other important information about the product, such as how to store the medicine

Other information

The chemical compound(s) in the medicine that has no effect on your body: preservative, items that bind the pill together and food colors

Inactive ingredients