FEU NRMF Institute of Medicine 1st Monthly Revalida - Anatomy and Physical Therapy

Vocabulary practice flashcards based on the 1st Monthly Revalida examination notes for Physical Therapy students.

Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff Shear)

The rotator cuff muscle that participates least in opposing the superior shear force of the deltoid.

Middle $\frac{1}{3}$ (Clavicle)

The region of the clavicle that is most commonly fractured, often via a FOOSH mechanism.

Capitate

The bony landmark used as the axis point when assessing radial deviation range of motion at the wrist with a goniometer.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Impairment

Associated with decreased resisted thumb abduction (Abductor Pollicis Brevis weakness) and paresthesias.

Oculomotor Nerve Lesion Sign

The most significant sign during a cranial nerve examination for this brainstem lesion is ptosis of the eyelid.

Radiocarpal Joint (Closed Packed)

The closed packed position of this wrist joint is extension with radial deviation.

Erb's Palsy

A condition where the upper trunk of the brachial plexus is affected.

Posterior Shoulder Capsule

The portion of the shoulder capsule that should be stretched or mobilized when internal rotation and horizontal adduction are most restricted.

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (Whiplash)

The ligament of the spine most likely to tear during a whiplash injury from a rear-end collision.

Adhesive Capsulitis (Capsular Pattern)

Characterized by the greatest loss of motion in lateral rotation, followed by abduction and medial rotation.

Superior Angle of the Scapula

The thoracic bony landmark that corresponds approximately to the level of the $T_2$ vertebra.

Rockwood Classification Type II

An acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury consisting of a torn AC ligament and a sprained coracoclavicular (CC) ligament.

Cauda Equina Lesion (Crutch Muscles)

Upper-quadrant muscles most important to strengthen for ambulation include the lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major.

Squamosal Suture

The fibrous connection between the temporal and parietal bones of the skull.

Brachioradialis Reflex Location

The most appropriate location to elicit this deep tendon reflex (DTR) is the styloid process of the radius.

Impingement Syndrome Landmark

The greater tubercle of the humerus best corresponds to the insertion of the supraspinatus for iontophoresis treatment.

Latissimus Dorsi Tightness

Could explain an inability to achieve full shoulder flexion while maintaining a posterior pelvic tilt.

Acromioclavicular Arthritis

Condition associated with shoulder pain most pronounced during the final degrees of abduction ($170-180$ degrees).

Inion

The external occipital protuberance, mistakenly referred to in some contexts as the 'bump of knowledge' (the transcript notes this as a correction).

Posterior Fontanelle

The anatomical structure that corresponds to the Lambda in the adult skull.

Mandible

The only bone in the skull not connected to the others by sutures; it is connected by the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

SITS Combined Action

The combined action of the tendinous cuff muscles (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis) is the depression of the head of the humerus.

Mentalis

The muscle known as the 'pouting muscle'.

Levator Labii Superioris Alaque Nasi

The muscle known as the 'sneering muscle' which dilates the nostrils and elevates the upper lip.

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis

A tenosynovitis involving the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendons.

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)

Includes the dorsal radioulnar ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, and ulnar articular cartilage; does not include the radial collateral ligament.

Glenoid Orientation

The glenoid fossa of the scapula faces somewhat lateral, superior, and anteriorly.

Scapulohumeral Rhythm ($2:1$)

During normal motion, the scapula upwardly rotates $60$ degrees while the humerus abducts $120$ degrees.

Mallet Finger

A rupture of the terminal extensor tendon at the distal phalanx causing loss of active extension at the DIP joint.

Cranial Nerve V (Lesion)

The nerve most likely affected if a patient has pronounced weakness of the muscles of mastication.

Finkelstein Test

A diagnostic test used to identify De Quervain's tenosynovitis of the EPB and APL.

Inferior Oblique Innervation

This ocular muscle is innervated by Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor), not Cranial Nerve IV.

Teres Minor Innervation

The muscle of the rotator cuff innervated by the axillary nerve.

Biceps Brachii (Supination)

The most powerful supinator of the forearm.

Glenoid Labrum

A static stabilizer of the shoulder joint.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

The structure responsible for dividing the neck into anterior and posterior triangles.

Pterion

Considered the weakest point of the skull where four bones meet.

Loose Areolar Tissue

The layer of the scalp described as the 'danger zone' because it is prone to the spread of infection/meningitis via emissary veins.

Orbicularis Oris

The muscle known as the 'kissing muscle'.

Sphenoid

The cranial bone considered the 'key stone' of the skull.

Mueller Muscle

The muscle affected in Horner's syndrome that results in a drooping upper eyelid (ptosis).

Sternoclavicular Joint

The only joint responsible for connecting the upper appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton.

Trigonocephaly

The premature closure of the metopic suture.

Upper Trapezius Action

Responsible for shrugging the shoulders and maintaining shoulder level.

Genioglossus

The tongue muscle responsible for forward protrusion of the tongue.

Ligamentum Flavum (Cervical)

The continuation of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament.

Power Grasp

A grasp often used to control tools or other heavy objects.

Lateral Pterygoid

A muscle of mastication that is responsible for opening the mouth; not used for closing the mouth against resistance.

Premolars

The type of teeth responsible for crushing and breaking down food; molars are for grinding.

Cranial Nerve VII (Fissure)

The cranial nerve that does not exit through the Superior Orbital Fissure.

Vertebral Column Count (Normal)

Consists of $7$ cervical, $12$ thoracic, $5$ lumbar, $5$ sacral, and $4$ coccygeal vertebrae.

Thoracic Neural Canal

The region where the neural canal is smallest and most circular in shape.

Atlanto-axial Joint

The joint surface where nearly flat and circular gliding occurs for the 'No' head movement.

C8

Not a vertebra; there are only seven cervical vertebrae ($C_1-C_7$).

Ligamentum Flavum

Known as the 'yellow ligament' due to its high elastic fiber and fatty content.

Sacrospinalis

The chief extensor of the back.

External Oblique (Unilateral Action)

Produces contralateral trunk rotation and ipsilateral trunk flexion.

Internal Annulus Fibrosus

A structure in the spine that lacks innervation and cannot transmit pain.

Thoraco-lumbar Rotation

Rotation in this region of the spine totals approximately $30$ degrees.

C5-C6

The most common segment affected by Osteoarthritis in the cervical spine due to being the most mobile.

Back Extensors (AS)

The muscle group requiring the most emphasis during strengthening exercises for a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

Thoracic Facet Orientation

Oriented primarily in the frontal plane.

Gluteus Maximus (Lifting)

The strongest muscle used for extending the lumbar spine when straightening up from a forward flexed position.

Sagittal Plane Facets

Found in the lumbar spine, these allow for flexion and extension motions.

Intervertebral Disc Locations

Discs are located between vertebral bodies starting from $C_2$ down to $S_1$.

Linea Alba

The line of fusion between the aponeuroses of the external oblique muscles.

Spinous Process of $C_2$

The first palpable bump felt from the occipital protuberance going inferiorly.

Transverse Abdominis

The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall that encloses the cavity like a corset.

Vertebral Arteries

Structures that pass through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae.

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Provides humans the ability to lift heavy weights overhead and stabilizes the trunk for high-velocity throwing.

$L_3$ Disc Pressure (Stooping)

Measured at approximately $220$ (units) when stooping while sitting according to Magee.

Multifidus

A transversospinales muscle that passes through $2-4$ segments and is most developed in the lumbar region.

Lumbosacral Angle

The angle usually measuring $30$ degrees, formed by the center of $L_5$ and the sacral promontory.

Scarpa's Fascia

The structure that becomes the Dartos muscle in males.

Innervated Spine Structures

The ALL, PLL, outer annulus fibrosus, and joint capsules are innervated; the inner annulus is not.

Prone Headlifts

An activity that facilitates the development of the lumbar lordotic curve.

Spinal Tap Site

Most commonly performed at the $L_4-L_5$ vertebral level.

Sternal Angle of Louis

A landmark located at the level of $T_4-T_5$, not $T_5-T_6$.

Lumbar Vertebrae Body

Characteristic kidney-shaped vertebral body.

Thoracic Vertebral Foramen

Characteristic heart-shaped vertebral foramen.

Lumbar Typical Vertebra

Characterized by broad transverse processes and a spinous process directed horizontally/upward.

Cervical Region Mobility

The vertebral segment with the most amount of mobility.

Lumbar Flexion (Lordosis)

During flexion, there is usually no reversal of normal lordosis; the low back merely flattens out.

Forward Bending Biomechanics

Restricted hip motion (short hamstrings) is coupled with excessive lumbar motion, which may lead to LBP.

Uncovertebral Joints

Also known as Joints of Von Luschka, found only in the cervical vertebral segments.

Atlanto-axial Subluxation

Condition in Down Syndrome children characterized by neck pain and limited motion due to spinal cord impingement.

Hip Abductor Force

Due to moment arm differences, hip abductors must produce a force about twice that of body weight for equilibrium.

Popliteus

The muscle responsible for the 'unlocking' of the knee joint by initiating terminal lateral rotation of the tibia.

Genu Varum Correlations

Often correlated with excessive hip abduction, medial tibial torsion, and ipsilateral hip lateral rotation.

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

An expansion of the semimembranosus muscle that supports the knee joint capsule posteriorly.

FABER (Sartorius)

The acronym for Flexion, Abduction, and External Rotation, which describes the action of the Sartorius muscle.

Q Angle

The angle formed by the tendons of the quadriceps and the ligamentum patella with the center of the patella.

Gluteus Maximus (Stairs)

The muscle used to best advantage when an older adult leans forward with increased hip flexion while ascending stairs.

Pudendal Nerve

The nerve that provides innervation to the pelvic floor muscles.

Soleus (Ankle Limited)

A muscle likely contributing to limited dorsiflexion if the restriction is identical regardless of knee position.

Gluteus Maximus (Gait)

Weakness of this muscle leads to a backward lean compensation during heel strike (initial contact).

Passive Dorsiflexion, Eversion, Toe Extension

The exercise set necessary to prevent contracture following a complete tibial nerve severance at the popliteal fossa.

Geniofemoral Nerve

A nerve identified in the transcript as providing motor innervation in the context of the lower extremity.

PNF for Tibialis Anterior

Hip flexion, adduction, and lateral rotation, with ankle dorsiflexion and inversion.

Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)

The muscle active in foot eversion when it is accompanied by dorsiflexion.