LAB 7: SKELETAL SYSTEM

Bone and cartilage

Skeleton is contructed of ______ and _______.

False, it has 206 bones

True or false

The human adult skeleton has 300 bones

Joints

Places where bones connect

Axial skeleton

• Make up the longitudinal axis of the body

• Consists of the skull, rib cage, and the vertebral column

• provides a framework that both supports and protects organs located inside the dorsal and ventral body cavities

Appendicular Skeleton

made up of the bones of the limbs (arms and legs), as well as the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton; these bones are referred to as girdles

Bones

provide a solid system that supports and shapes the body, and provide

levers on which muscles can act to allow movement

Cartilage

• Precursor to bone

• provides cushioning between many joints

• referred to as gristle

Ossification

cartilage hardens due to the addition of minerals, primarily calcium carbonate and tricalcium phosphate, by bone cells called osteocytes

Compact bone tissue

dense outer portion of most bones

Cancellous (spongy) bone tissue

• inner part

• porous or sponge-like

Osteon or haversian system

A Haversian canal, with its surrounding cells and layers of bone,

haversian canal

a microscopic channel in bone tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves

Lamellae

concentric rings of inorganic matrix

lacunae

this is where osteocytes are located

canaliculi

transport network that allows blood vessels to reach osteocytes

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Cartilage cells are termed CHONDROCYTES and are located in small chambers called lacunae.

Hyaline cartilage

• glassy, homogenous appearing matrix

• very fine collagen fiber

• covers the articulating (contact) surfaces of bones, reinforces the tip of the

nose, and provides attachment of the ribs to the sternum

Elastic cartilage

• matrix contains elastic fibers

• This tissue is found in the external ear, the Eustachian tubes, and the cartilage of the larynx and the epiglottis

Fibrocartilage

• wavy matrix

• contains collagen fibers

• extremely tough

• forms protective pads between

  many bone surfaces, including in the knee joints.

  Such pads are most obvious between the

  vertebrae of the spine.

YELLOW BONE MARROW

bone marrow that is primarily made of FAT CELLS

RED BONE MARROW

produces red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets (involved in blood clotting)

hyoid

what is this bone called?

phalanges

what is number 2?