Chapter 6 - Unit Review

what’s a element?

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.

what’s an element symbol?

One or two letters that stand for an element  (like H for hydrogen). 

what’s a compound?

A substance made when two or more elements join chemically.

what’s a metal?

Shiny, can bend, and conducts heat and electricity. 

what’s a non-metal?

Dull, brittle, and doesn't conduct heat or electricity well.

what’s a metalloid?

Has properties of both metals and non-metals.

what’s a chemical family?

(group): A column on the periodic table; elements in the same group act alike.

what’s a alkali metal?

Very reactive metals in Group 1.

what a alkiali earth metal?

Reactive metals in Group 2.

what’s a halogen?

Reactive non-metals in Group 17.

what’s a noble gas?

Non-reactive gases in Group 18.

⮚ Period: A row on the periodic table (side to side). 

what’s a atom?

The smallest unit of a metal.

what’s a electron?

A tiny particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus.

what’s a proton?

A particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus.

what’s a neutron?

A neutral (no charge) particle in the nucleus.

what’s a atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom.

(Atomic) mass numder?

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

what’s an isotope?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

whats a Bohr-Rutherford diagram?

A drawing that shows protons neutrons and electrons and shells.

what’s a shell diagram?

A simple version showing only the electrons in shells.

what’s valence electrons?

Electrons in the outermost shell that are involved in bonding.

Understanding how the Periodic Table is organized (it’s according to atomic number and electron arrangement).

It's arranged by atomic number and how electrons are placed in shells.

How to use the important numbers on the PT to answer questions about the elements?

The atomic number tells protons and electrons; the atomic mass helps find neutrons.

patterns in the PT?

Elements in the same column act alike; reactivity changes across a period.

Properties of special groups on the PT?

Alkali metals are very reactive; halogens are reactive non-metals; noble gases don't react.

How the symbols for the elements were developed?

They come from the elements name often from Latin or Greek.

Classification of elements and the properties of metal, non-metal and metalloid elements?

Metals are shiny and conduct; non-metals are dull and poor conductors; metalloids have both traits.

Anatomy of the Atom?

Atoms have a nucleus (with protons and neutrons)and electrons moving around it.