Memory Interference and Bias Review

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to memory interference types, memory techniques, memory biases, and cognitive phenomena.

Retroactive Interference

When new information interferes with the retrieval of older information.

Proactive Interference

When older information interferes with the learning of new information.

Testing Effect

The phenomenon where self-testing improves retention and recall of studied material.

Self-reference Effect

The tendency to remember information better when it is related to oneself.

Spacing Effect

The improvement in retention and recall when study sessions are spaced out over time.

Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon

The inability to retrieve a word or term from memory, even though you know it.

Overconfidence

The bias where individuals are more certain than they should be about their memories and judgments.

Misinformation Effect

Errors in memory that occur when new, incorrect information affects existing accurate memories.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to verify and confirm our pre-existing beliefs rather than challenging them.

Functional Fixedness

A cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

Gambler's Fallacy

The mistaken belief that future probabilities are altered by past events in independent random events.