Prosec flashcards

Which triangles of the neck are separated by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

carotid and muscular triangles

Which structures pass through the parotid gland

retromandibular vein

external carotid artery

facial nerve

Label these structures

Where does the parotid duct open into

opens in vestibule of mouth opposite the upper 2nd molar

Why does the facial artery have a tortuous course

allows the artery to be stretched with natural movements of the mandible

Which nerve supplies preganglionic visceromotor fibres to the submandibular gland

chorda tympani

Which nerve supplies preganglionic visceromotor fibres to the lacrimal, nasal and palatal glands and where does it synapse

greater petrosal nerve, pterygopalatine ganglion

Which tributaries give rise to the retromandibular vein

superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein

What is the clinical significance of the pterygoid venous plexus

Communication between extracranial veins and intracranial venous sinuses, so extracranial infections can potentially spread intracranially.

Name the neuronal functional modalities that are carried by the lingual nerve

GSA- general sensation to anterior 2/3 of the tongus from CNV3

SVA- taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue via the chorda tympani which joins the lingual nerve

GVE- visceromotor to submandibular and siblingual glands via the chorda tympani

Cranial nerve source of innervation to the secretory epithelium lining the sphenoid sinus (secretomotor innervation)

greater petrosal nerve- CNVII

Which nerve provides secretomotor innervation to the other paranasal sinuses

greater petrosal nerve, synapses in pterygopalatine ganglion and hitchikes onto CNV1 and CNV2 branches to reach the sinuses

If the optic nerve was completely transected what would the symptoms be

unilateral monocular blindness (blindness in the eye it is supplying)

What are the 3 intraocular muscles

sphincter/constrictor pupillae

dilator pupillae

ciliary muscles

Function and nerve supply of the sphincter pupillae

function- constriction of the pupil (miosis)

nerve supply- parasympathetic from CNIII

Function and nerve supply of the dilator pupillae

function- dilation of the pupil (mydriasis)

nerve supply- sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion

Function and nerve supply of the ciliary muscles

function- accommodation reflex (changes the shape of the lens to focus on near objects)

nerve supply- parasympathetic from CNIII

What is anatomically or functionally unique about the petrous part of the temporal bone

densest bone in the body

which nerve provides sesnroy innervation to the palatine tonsils

glossopharyngeal nerve

function of the epiglottis

closes the laryngeal inlet when swallowing

At which vertebral level does the trachea commence

C6

At which vertebral level does the trachea terminate

T4

Anatomical importance of the hyoid bone

attachment site for supra and infra hyoid muscles

What is the thyroid ima artery

an uncommon anatomical variant that supplies blood to the thyroid gland, often when inferior thyroid arteries are small or absent

Where does the thyroid ima artery arise from

braciocephalic trunk

Motor innervation to the muscles of the plate

all supplies by the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus except the tensor veli palatini which is supplied by CNV3

Sensation to the palate

Hard palate: greater palatine nerve, nasopalatine nerve (general sensation), CNV2

Soft palate: lesser palatine nerve (general sensation), CNV2

Which nerve provides taste sensation to a small part of the soft palate

facial nerve CNVII

Sensory innervation of the tympanic membrane

medial surface- CNIX

lateral surface- auriculotemporal nerve CNV3 and branches of the vagus nerve

Which nerve innervates the infraglottis

recurrent laryngeal nerve |(general sensation below the vocal cords)

Which nerves supply the suprahyoid muscles

mylohyoid- CNV3

anterior digastric- CNV3

posterior digastric- CNVII

stylohoid- CNVII

geniohyoid- C1 spinal nerves

Which nerves supply the infrahyoid muscles

ansa cervicalis C1-C3

Which nerve innervates the frontal sinus

supraorbital nerve, frontal nerve, CNV1

Which nerve innervates the sphenoid sinus

posterior ethmoidal nerve, nasociliary nerve, CNV1

Which nerves innervate the maxillary sinus

middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves, CNV2

(small amount by the posterior superior alveolar nerves)

Which nerves innervate the ethmoidal air cells

anterior- anterior ethmoidal nerve, nasociliary nerve, CNV1

middle- anterior ethmoidal nerve

posterior- posterior ethmoidal nerve, nasociliary nerve, CNV1