Endocrine Lecture Exam A&PII

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

negative feedback inhibition

The infundibulum is a ___________.

projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________.

kidneys

The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system, adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system, and has __________ effects compared to the endocrine system.

quickly;quickly; specific

__________ secretion is controlled by neuroendocrine reflexes, whereas __________ secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms.

ocytocin (OT); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

ACTH

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes ___________.

cortisol

The __________ secretes several hormones that stimulate the development of lymphatic organs and regulates development and activity of T cells (white blood cells).

thymus

Which of the following best describes a hormone?

a chemical messenger transported by the bloodstream that stimulates target cells in another organ often a good distance away.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to the polyuria and dehydration associated with diabetes mellitus?

Hyperglycemia → glucose enters renal tubules → glucose transport maximum exceeded → glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid → osmotic diuresis

The __________ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

parathyroid glands

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.

anterior pituitary

Which of the following is not secreted by the pancreas?

somatotropin (growth hormone)

The hypophysial portal system connects the _________ with the _________.

anterior pituitary; hypothalmaus

Which of these hormones does not stimulate the release of another hormone by its target cells?

PRL

The anterior pituitary is __________ the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.

larger; no neuronal

The posterior pituitary secretes _________.

oxytocin (OT)

Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others?

growth hormone (GH)

Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus is false?

both type I and type II DM are characterized by lack of, or low levels of insulin

The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.

melatonin

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.

glucagon; raises

Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

the ovary

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause __________ when it begins in adulthood.

acromegaly

Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one’s physical or emotional well-being is called __________.

stress

Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?

they release their secretions into the blood.

The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________.

hypothyroidism

The ___________ can be found as part of the epithalamus, near the superior colliculi of the midbrain.

pineal gland

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels _________

increase

After a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, insulin is released and will cause blood sugar levels to _________.

return to about normal

In Type-I diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because __________

no insulin is released

The treatment for Type-I diabetes always includes _________

insulin

The role of insulin is to _________

allow cells to take in glucose

Individuals with Type II diabetes _________

do not respond to insulin

Individuals with Type I diabetes __________

do not produce insulin

Hornones from which organ have the greatest effect on the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

(B) Thyroid gland

Follicle-stimulating hormone targets which of these organs?

E (ovarys and testes)

Which organ produces hormones that control blood electrolyte levels?

A (adrenal glands)

Dehydration is detected by osmoreceptors in the _________.

hypothalamus

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released by the _________

posterior pituitary

ADH helps to conserve water during dehydration. T OR F

True

Which of the following is a function of ADH?

decrease urine volume output and cause blood-vessel constriction