Sports Med Unit 2

Flexion

Decreases angle between two body parts

Extension

Increases angle between two body parts

Internal Rotation

Joint rotating towards the midline

External Rotation

Joint rotating away from midline

Adduction

Motion of a limb or appendage towards the midline

Abduction

Motion of a limb or appendage away from the midline

Supination

Specific movement of elbow: palms rotate upwards

Pronation

Specific movement of elbow: palms rotate downwards

Dorsiflexion

Specific term used to describe movement of ankle; decreases angle between body parts

Plantarflexion

Specific term used to describe movement of ankle; increases angle between body parts

Sagittal Plane

Forward and Backward Movements; cuts the body down the midline

Transverse Plane

Rotational Movements; cuts the body into top and bottom

Frontal Plane

Side to side movements; cuts the body into front and back

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Anterior

Front of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Inferior

Below; toward the feet

Superior

Above; towards the head

Distal

Farther from the point of origin

Proximal

Closer to the point of origin

Tendon

Attaches muscle to bone

Muscle

Various types; Skeletal, smooth and cardiac

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary Muscle, Muscle that causes movement

Agonist

Produces movement in a single direction

Antagonist

Produces movement in opposite direction

Ligament

Connects Bone to bone

Bursa

Fluid filled sac

Fascia

Connective tissue that surrounds and supports muscles, organs, bones, blood vessels, and nerves in the body. There are three types: Superficial, Deep, Visceral

Amphiarthrodial

Bones connected by fibrocartilage (slightly moveable)

Synarthrodial

Joints that lack synovial cavity and are held closely together by connective tissue (least movement)

Diarthrodial

(Also known as synovial joint) composed of articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid (Most moveable)

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends

Synovial Membrane

Lines joint cavity and produces synovial fluid

Synovial Fluid

Lubricates the joint

Hinge Joint

Joint that allows flexion or extension

Pivot Joint

Joint in which bone moves around a central axis, creating rotational movement

Condyloid Joint

Joint that allows bones to move about one another in many directions except rotate

Gliding Joint

Joint that allows bones to make a sliding motion

Ball and Socket Joint

Joint in which a rounded portion of bone fits into the indent of other bone, allows for most motion

Saddle Joint

Joint between 2 bones with complementary shapes; allows wide range of motion