World History - BE 5 - Vocab

Estates

One of the three distinct social classes in pre revolutionary France

Louis XVI

Last king of France before French Revolution; Absolute monarch who ruled over his 24 million French subjects

Marie Antoinette

Wife to Louis XVI; Believed to be under the influence of her relatives in Austria

Jacobins 

A political group who rose to power and implemented a centralized dictatorship under Maximilian Robespierre

Maximilian Robespierre

Former lawyer; leader of Jacobins; won followers through support of liberty and equal rights and protect France

Guillotine

A machine with a sharp blade designed for beheading people

Insurgents

A rebel fighter

Simon Bolivar

A Venezuelan military and political leader who was a key figure in the South American wars of independence from Spanish rule

Juntas

A military or political ruling group who often take power by force

Gran Colombia

A union that included present day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, and Peru

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Refers to the “opening” Toussaint made in the enemy lines.

James Watt

Invented the worlds 1st workable steam engine

Division of Labor

A process that divides a task into separate parts with each completed by a different person or group

Luddites

Workers who protested against the changes brought by the new machines in the 18th and 19th centuries

Cottage Industry

A type of industry in which a family unit or individual creates a product at home with their own equipment.

Liberalism

A belief system that argues that the liberty of the individual is the main concern of politics

John Stuart Mill

A major supporter of liberalism; was a British philosopher; argued that liberty involved freedom not only from unnecessary government interference but also from “the tendency of society to impose it own ideas and practices”.

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Communism

Proletariat

Socialism

Imperialism

King Khama III

Empress Ci Xi

Debt Peonage

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

La Reforma

Boers

Guerrilla Warfare

African National Congress

Apartheid

Nelson Mandela

Mandate System

Balfour Declaration