Cytology

• Functional units of the body

• Processes critical to normal function of the body 

Cells

What is the cellular component?

Plasma membrane

What is a plasma membrane?

• Outer barrier of the cell

• Separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid

• Can form outward projecting structures such as cilia, microvilli, and flagella

When separating the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid what action happens?

• Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell 

• Small and nonpolar substances can cross without assistance

Intracellular fluid is also known as?

Cytosol

Extracellular fluid is also known as?

Interstitial

What are the plasma membrane components?

• Lipids

• Proteins

What makes a Lipid?

• Phospholipids

• Cholesterol

• Polar and hydrophilic; two nonpolar and hydrophobic

• Naturally forms a bilayer

Phospholipids

What does hydrophilic mean?

Hydro = Water

Philic = Head
Water Lover

What does hydrophobic mean?

Hydro = Water
Phobic = Afraid
Water hater

• Stability

• Steroid based hormones

Cholesterol

What makes a protein?

• Amino acids

What does a protein do?

• Transport proteins

• Cell surface receptors

• Identity markers

How does the transport of the protein perform?

• Regulating movements of substance across the membrane

• Like channels, carriers and pumps

What does cell surface receptors do?

• Bind molecules 

Ligands are also known as?

Bind molecules
Ex: Neurotransmitters

Distinguish healthy cells from infected cells

Identity markers

• Either internal or external surface of a cell

• Catalyze chemical reactions

Enzymes

• Secure cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane

Anchoring sites

• Perform cell-to-cell attachments

Cell-adhesion proteins

• Control center of the cell

• Enclosed by a nuclear envelope

• Contains DNA

Nucleus

• Cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus

Cytoplasm (cytosol and organelles)

Solute

Things that dissolve in water

Diffusion

Stuff that moves things in water