Location of the nucleus
Found in eukaryotic cells only.
Function/description of the nucleus
Controls cell processes.
Stores DNA.
Makes codes for new proteins.
Location of the nuclear envelope
Surrounds the nucleus.
Function/description of the nuclear envelope
Double membrane layer.
Pores allow material to move in and out of the nucleus.
Location of chromatin
Inside the nucleus; NOT the same as chromosomes.
Function/description of chromatin
String of DNA.
Condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
Location of chromosomes
Nucleus (seen during cell division); NOT the same as chromatin.
Function/description of chromosomes
Condensed chromatin/compacted DNA.
Pass genetic info on to following generations.
Location of the nucleolus
Inside the nucleus.
Function/description of the nucleolus
Dark spherical mass.
Assembles ribosomes.
Location of cytoplasm
Between the cell membrane and the nucleus, appears in all types of cells.
Function/description of cytoplasm
Gel-like substance.
Holds organelles.
Transports materials for cell activities.
Location of the cytoskeleton
Throughout the cell, from the nucleus to the membrane; appears in all types of cells.
Function/description of the cytoskeleton
Made up of protein filaments.
Maintain cell shape and support.
Cell movement through flagella or cilia.
What are the protein filaments of the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules (cell support) and microfilaments (cell division/movement).
Location of cilia/flagella
Extend out of the cell; appear in all types of cells.
Function/description of cilia
Many short, hair-like projections; aid in cell movement.
Function/description of flagella
One or two, long, whip-like structures; aid in cell movement.
Location of centrioles
Outside the nuclear envelope in animal cells only.
Function/description of centrioles
Help separate chromosomes during cell division.
Location of the rough ER/smooth ER
Outside nuclear envelope; only appear in plant and animal (eukaryotic) cells.
Function/description of the rough ER
Ribosomes.
Transports materials.
Makes proteins.
Function/description of the smooth ER
No ribosomes.
Makes lipids.
Location of ribosomes
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and rough ER; appear in all types of cells.
Function/description of ribosomes
Produce proteins based on instructions that come from DNA.
Location of the golgi apparatus
Near smooth/rough ER and nucleus; only appears in plant and animal (eukaryotic) cells.
Function/description of the golgi apparatus
Further packages/modifies proteins after ER.
Then sends proteins outside of the cell or to other organelles (final destinations).
Location of lysosomes
Cytoplasm; appear in animal cells only.
Function/description of lysosomes
Contain enzymes that break down food into nutrients.
Also the "cell cleaner" because they break down old organelles.
Location of central vacuole
Found in the cytoplasm of plant cells only.
Function/description of central vacuole
Single, large, sac-like structure.
Stores water and nutrients.
Pressure in plant vacuole aids in support of the plant cell (lack of water causes wilting).
Location of small vacuoles (the ones that come in multiples)
Multiple are found in the cytoplasm of animal and protist cells.
Function/description of small vacuoles (the ones that come in multiples)
Small, sac-like structures.
Stores nutrients.
Removes excess water from the cell (contractile vacuole).
Location of chloroplasts
Cytoplasm of plant cells, as well as some protists and bacteria.
Function/description of chloroplasts
Photosynthesis; uses energy from sunlight to make glucose.
Location of the mitochondria
Cytoplasm of all types of cells; most numerous in muscle cells.
Function/description of the mitochondria
Responsible for cellular respiration (the process of ATP from glucose).
Also generates ATP.
Define ATP.
Cellular energy.
Location of the cell wall
Outermost boundary only in plant, bacteria, and fungi cells.
Function/description of the cell wall
Support and protection.
Maintains cell shape.
Location of the cell membrane
Outer boundary; appears in all types of cells.
Function/description of the cell membrane
Regulates what enters and exits (selectively/semipermeable).
Supports organelles.
Provides a barrier.
Has a lipid bilayer that contains proteins and carbs.
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