cultural diversity

what are examples of biases

race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, shape of someones body, weight, disabilities

where do biases come from

home, school, religious institution

What factors contribute to our identities?

Where we grew up and our cultural background.

How does where we grew up affect our healthcare decisions?

It influences our access to resources and perceptions of health.

How does our identity impact how we treat others?

It shapes our perspectives and interactions with different cultures.

How do identity and healthcare converge for nurses?

Nurses must understand patients' backgrounds to provide effective care.

What is ethnocentricity?

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

What is cultural competence in health care?

Providing health care which is culturally sensitive, appropriate, and competent.

What context does cultural competence take into account?

The context in which patients live and situations in which their health problems arise.

What does a culturally competent provider understand?

The total context of the situation to provide the best possible health care.

What knowledge should a culturally competent provider possess?

Basic knowledge of health traditions observed among diverse cultural groups in the practice setting.

What is a requirement set by JCAHO regarding health care?

Cultural competence.

What are key areas of focus in cultural competence?

Cultural differences, language, and patient-centered care.

What drives the behavior of employees in health care?

The assumptions and beliefs of employees.

What does the organization respect, protect, and promote?

Patient rights.

What types of discrimination does the organization prohibit?

Discrimination based on age, race, ethnicity, religion, culture, language, physical or mental disability, socioeconomic status, sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity or expression.

How does the organization communicate effectively with patients?

By assessing and documenting preferred language and written/oral communication needs.

What documentation is required regarding race and ethnicity?

Documentation of race and ethnicity must be maintained.

What is the definition of Cultural Humility?

The ability to maintain an interpersonal stance that is 'other' oriented.

What does Cultural Humility focus on?

An openness to understanding others.

What is one element of Cultural Humility?

Lifelong learning and self-reflection.

What is another element of Cultural Humility?

Mitigating power imbalances.

What is the third element of Cultural Humility?

Institutional accountability.

What does diversity exist amongst?

Cultural groups

What is a challenge faced by minorities in the healthcare profession?

They remain underrepresented

What should you not assume about an individual?

Their preferences based on perceived notions about their culture

What shift is necessary in understanding cultural interactions?

From cultural competence to cultural humility

Xenophobia

Dislike of others from different countries

Racism

Dislike of others based on race or ethnicity

Antisemitism

Dislike of individuals that identify as Jewish

Cultural Skill

The ability to collect relevant cultural data regarding the patient's problem

Racial Consciousness

Avoid the idea that one is colorblind and appreciating differences; understanding that one's experience is not the norm

Cultural Relativism

The idea that morality varies based on the beliefs of the people in that specific time

what groups might experience discrimination

racial and ethnic minorities, residents of rural areas, women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, transgender/nonbinary/intersex, LGBTQ+

What are health disparities?

Health differences between groups of people closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage.

What factors can health disparities include?

Factors such as how frequently a disease affects a group, how many people develop illness, or how often the disease causes death.

What is the impact of cultural competence in healthcare?

Cultural competence leads to a reduction in patient care errors.

What are some health care challenges faced by people with disabilities?

They are less likely to receive preventative care and more likely to experience difficulty obtaining jobs, getting to school, and getting around outside the home.

What are some mental health risks faced by LGBTQ+ individuals?

They have a higher risk of bullying, increased risk of suicidal ideation, and increased risk of substance use disorder.

What is oculesics?

The study of eye movement, eye behavior, gaze, and eye-related nonverbal communication.

How do Americans typically use eye contact in communication?

Americans use direct eye contact in communications.

Is direct eye contact in communication acceptable in American culture?

Yes, direct eye contact is seen as acceptable.

Which cultures may find direct eye contact offensive?

Some cultures, including China, Japan, Iran, Kenya, Vietnam, and South Korea.

What is the definition of proxemics?

The branch of knowledge that deals with the amount of space that people feel is necessary to set between themselves and others.

What is considered culturally appropriate personal space in American cultures?

Standing within arms length.

Which cultures may find standing within arms length inappropriate?

Japan, South Korea, and Brazil.

How can personal space and distance impact nurse-client interactions?

It is a cultural perspective that can affect how nurses physically interact with patients.

What is the best way for a nurse to interact physically with a patient?

Knowing the patient's cultural personal space.

What is handedness?

The tendency to utilize one hand over the other when performing tasks.

What cultural preference is commonly associated with handedness?

Many cultures prefer right-handedness.

How do many Muslim countries view the right hand?

They view the right hand as 'clean' and use it for eating, greeting people, and writing.

What happens if a child shows a tendency to use their left hand?

They will often be trained to use their right hand.

What is a common belief about gender roles in many cultures?

Men should be head of the household.

Which cultures are known for traditional gender roles where men are often seen as heads of the household?

Islamic cultures.

Which cultural group is associated with traditional gender roles that often place men as heads of the household?

Hispanic/Latino cultures.

Which Asian culture is known for traditional gender roles with men as heads of the household?

Vietnamese culture.

How do gender roles in Western culture compare to those in other cultures?

They often differ significantly.

What are traditional medical techniques?

Methods of healing and health maintenance that are specific to a culture, often passed down through generations.

How does acculturation affect the utilization of traditional medicine in the US?

The level of utilization of traditional medical techniques varies depending on how much individuals adopt the main culture of the US.

What does acculturation mean?

The process of adopting the main culture of a society.

How may spiritual needs be met in traditional medicine?

Spiritual needs may be fulfilled through traditional rituals, which are defined by the individual rather than a universal standard.

What is cultural humility?

An approach that emphasizes respect for differences and continual self-reflection and life-long learning.

What is the beginning of cultural competence?

Having self-awareness.

How can nurses develop cultural self-awareness?

By objectively examining their own beliefs, values, and practices.

What should nurses consider when conducting assessments of patients?

Their individual cultural orientation.

Why is it impossible to be fully familiar with another culture?

Because of the complexity and uniqueness of each culture.