Digestive System

The digestion of protein begins in the _____ and is completed in the ________.

stomach…..small intestine

The wall of the alimentary canal has four basic tissue layers:

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Name the 6 parts of the digestive process:

ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation

Define ingestion

When food and beverages enter the alimentary canal via the mouth

Define propulsion

The movement of food down the alimentary canal by swallowing

Name the two ways food move throughout the body

The #1 way is swallowing and #2 way is peristalsis

Define peristalsis

Alternating waves of contraction and relaxed relaxation of the smooth muscles that make up the alimentary canals

Food is important because it provides the raw materials/nutrients that cells use to ______.

build new tissue

The energy needed for cell production and tissue building is released from food in a process called ________.

cellular respiration

Define Alimentary Canal

another name?

 long tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus

-Gastrointestinal tract

In detail the alimentary canal consists of:

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

In detail the accessory organs consist of:

The teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Swallowing is (voluntary/ involuntary), while Imperistalsis is (voluntary/involuntary)?

voluntary….involuntary

Name the flow to swallowing:

Move food from the pharynx, which is the throat, down the esophagus, and once the food reaches the esophagus →

peristalsis occurs; which is the alternating waves of contraction and relaxed relaxation of the smooth muscles that make up the alimentary canals

Mechanical digestion vs chemical digestion

the physical breaking up of food into smaller pieces

vs the work of digested enzymes to break up food particles, which are complex chemical molecules and change them into simpler chemicals that the body can utilize

Define Absorption

Where is most nutrients absorbed?

is the movement of small organic molecules and other nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract into these interstitial fluids, blood, and lymph

-oral cavity

What’s an example of mechanical digestion?

chewing

Define Defecation.

Which organ is mainly associated with this?

removal of undigested or unabsorbed materials from the body as feces

-colon aka large intestine

Which organ is involved in removing undigestible waste from the body?

The colon aka large intestine

There are two types of Propulsion:

1) swallowing

2) peristalsis

What is another name for our lips and name the types.

Labia…. Superior and inferior labia

The process of mechanically breaking food into smaller pieces and mixing food with saliva is known as

Bolus

Our cheeks are formed by the ______ muscles.

Buccinator muscles

The superior and inferior labial frenulum attaches the ____ to the _____.

Lips to the gums

The esophagus connects the ____ to the ____.

throat to stomach

What is essential for beginning chemical digestion?

carbohydrates

Accessory organs sit along the ______ and produce ____ essential for digesting and absorbing nutrients.

aventary canal and produce secretions

Function of the upper esophageal sphincter

-prevents backflow of food into the oral cavity

-prevents air from entering esophagus

Function of the lower esophageal sphincter

-controls the movement of food and permits food to enter the stomach

- then contracts to prevent the backup of stomach contents

Name the 4 main regions of the heart.

cardia, fundus, body, & pylorus

The pancreas has the ability to break down 3 things…

proteins, lipids, and carbs