PSY 3307 - Master Final Exam Study Guide

This set of flashcards covers the fundamental concepts and definitions from the lecture notes for PSY 3307 related to statistics, including types of data, statistical tests, hypotheses, and important measurements.

What is statistics?

Tools for organizing, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting data.

Population

The entire group of interest.

Sample

A smaller group taken from the population.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics that describe data from a sample.

Inferential Statistics

Statistics that generalize from a sample to a population.

Statistical Significance

A change that is big enough to not be due to chance.

Mean

The average of a data set.

Median

The middle score in an ordered list of numbers.

Mode

The most frequent score in a data set.

Nominal Scale

A scale that uses categories without order.

Ordinal Scale

A scale that involves ordered ranks.

Interval Scale

A scale with equal intervals but no absolute zero.

Ratio Scale

A scale with equal intervals and a true zero.

Variance

A measure of how spread out scores are in a dataset.

Standard Deviation (SD)

The average distance of scores from the mean.

Pearson's r

A statistical measure that describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two quantitative variables.

Correlation

A measure that indicates the extent to which two variables change together.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

A hypothesis that assumes no difference or effect.

Research Hypothesis (H1)

A hypothesis that states there is a difference or effect.

t-Test for Independent Samples

A statistical test used to compare the means of two unrelated groups.

Chi-Square Test

A test used to determine if observed frequencies differ from expected frequencies.

Effect Size

A measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon.

Confidence Interval

A range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter.