Robert Hooke
Discovered cells in 1665 after looking at the hollow, small compartments of a cork
Robert Hooke
initiated the formulation of the cell theory
Robert Hooke
Used a compound microscope to observe cork
1665
The year Hooke discovered cells
Cork
Has hollow, small compartments similar to cells. Observed by Hooke using a compound microscope.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
studied new approaches for creating lenses to observe cloth
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
discovered animalcules
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
one of the first scientists to refer to living cells
Animalcules
Term given by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek for single-celled organisms, now called microorganisms
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
father of microbiology
Matthias Schleiden
discovered that plants are made of cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch businessman and scientist
Matthias Schleiden
German botanist
Theodor Schwann
German physician and physiologist
Theodor Schwann
Discovered that all animals are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
Published the 1st statement of the cell theory
Rudolf Virchow
Stated the 2nd part of the cell theory
"All organisms are composed of one or more cells"
1st statement of the cell theory
"Cells are the smallest and basic units of structure and function in organisms"
2nd statement of the cell theory
"Cells arise from previously existing cells"
3rd statement of the cell theory
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus
The fundamental structural parts of cells
Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Cytoskeleton, DNA
Common Parts of Cells
Organelles
means "little organs"
Organelles
Collective term for the structural parts of cells
Organelles
Tiny cellular organs that are specialized to perform functions necessary for normal cellular operations
DNA
the genetic instructions that cells need to make protein
Cell Membrane
also known as Plasma Membrane
Cell Membrane
a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
Cell Membrane
controls what enters or leaves the cell
Cell Membrane
allows communication between cells
Cell Membrane
is semipermeable
Semipermeable
another term for selective permeable
Semipermeable
the ability to allow certain molecules to pass through easier than others
Hydrophobic
can easily pass through the cell membrane
Hydrophilic
cannot pass through the cell membrane or at least needs help
Cell Membrane
physical boundary between the cell and its environment
Cell Membrane
the "skin" of the cell
Head
the part of the phospholipid molecule that is hydrophilic
Hydrophilic
means water loving
Phospholipid molecule
made up of a head and two tails
Phospholipids
makes up the cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
two layers of lipid molecules that form a barrier around the cell
Protein Channels
the tunnel in the Cell Membrane that export and import materials
Protein Molecule
part of the cell membrane that is responsible for receiving signals from other adjacent cells
Carbohydrate chains
serves as identification tags of cells
Cell Wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells
Cell Wall
provides protection, structural support, and shape
Cell Wall
Prevents the plant cell from bursting when water enters the cell
polysaccharide and cellulose
makes up the cell wall in plants and algae
Chitin
makes up the cell wall in fungi
Peptidoglycan
makes up the cell wall in bacteria
Cytoplasm
the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism
Cytoplasm
fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane
Cytoplasm
holds the cell organelles in place
Cytosol, organelles, and other cell materials inside the cell membrane except the nucleus
composes of the cytoplasm
Cell Structure for Protection Genetic Control Organelles Manufacturing, Storage, Distribution, & Breakdown Organelles Energy-Processing Organelles Organelles for Structural Support
Main Jobs of Organelles
Nucleus
storehouse of the genetic information in the from of DNA
Nucleus
control center of the cell
Nuclear Envelope
separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Nuclear Envelope
encloses the DNA
Two lipid bilayers (outer and inner membrane)
makes up the Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear pores
found in the outer member of the nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
allow large molecules to pass and regulates the exchange of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Nucleolus
where ribosomes are made and assemble
Ribosome
build proteins polymers from amino acid monomers
Ribosome
made of protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Ribosome
beadlike organelles scattered in the cytoplasm
Ribosome
made in the nucleolus
large and small subunit
two subunits of a ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
facilitate the manufacture of protein & lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
the cell's transport system
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Studded with ribosomes; makes proteins
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
makes lipids, stores calcium ion, and drug detoxification; made up of tubules and vesicles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
works with golgi apparatus to move new proteins to their proper destination after production
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
its membrane is continuous with the outer layer of the nuclear envelope
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
forms an interconnected network with RER
Golgi Apparatus
modifies, sorts, and packages different substances for secretion out of the cell, or for use within the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Made up of vesicles that act as storage, secretory and mainly transport around the cell
Golgi apparatus
found close to the nucleus; described as stacked pancakes
Centrioles
help coordinate cell division through forming spindle fibers
Centrioles
cylinder-shaped; made up of nine triplets of microtubules
Vacuole
storage of materials, strengthens the cells, supports entire plant by making it erect
Lysosome
Digest food within cells
Lysosome
uses enzymes to break down damaged and worn out cell parts or to recycle cell components
Studied by 38 People