Cardiovascular system notes

“peri” =

outside

“cardium” =

heart

pericardium

a double walled sac around the heart composed of a deep two layer serous pericardium

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

Parietal layer and visceral layer

Parietal layer

lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

visceral layer

aka epicardium, lines the surface of the heart

What separates the 2 layers of the serous pericardium?

a fluid filled pericardial cavity

What side of the heart is deoxygenated blood?

right side

What side of the heart is oxygenated blood?

left side

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

R/L atrium and R/L ventricles

What are the 4 blood vessels of the heart?

Venae cavae, pulmonary veins, pulmonary trunk, Ascending aorta

What are the 4 valves in the heart?

Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral(bicuspid), aortic valves

Point of the heart?

Apex

What is the Apex formed by?

The Left ventricle

What is the space between the R/L atriums called?

interatrial septum

What is the space between the R/L ventricles called?

Interventricular septum

What do valves do?

ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart

Blue on heart diagram=?

Deoxygenated

Red on heart diagram=?

Oxygenated

Atria are…?

the receiving chambers of the heart

Ventricles are…?

the discharging chambers of the heart

Blood enters right atria from…?

Superior and inferior venae cavae

Blood enters left atria from…?

Pulmonary veins

Where does the superior vena cava bring blood from?

The head and neck region

Where does the inferior vena cava bring blood from?

Abdominal and lower body region

Where do the pulmonary veins bring blood from?

the lungs

What are on the ventricular walls?

papillary muscles

Where does right ventricle pump blood into?

Pulmonary trunk

Where does left ventricle pump blood into?

aorta

What is the largest artery in the animals body?

the aorta

What is the top of the heart called?

the base

Veins bring __?__ blood to __?__

deoxygenated, the heart

Arteries bring __?__ blood from __?__

oxygenated, the heart

All veins carry deoxygenated blood EXCEPT…?

Pulmonary veins

All arteries carry oxygenated blood EXCEPT…?

Pulmonary artery

What are the 2 types of valves?

Atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Atrioventricular valves are located…?

between the atria and the ventricles

Semilunar valves are located…?

at the entrance of the two arteries

What is the function of Atrioventricular valves?

Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves?

Tricuspid valve and Mitral(bicuspid) valve

What anchor the atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles in ventricles?

Chordae tendineae

What is the function of semilunar valves?

prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles from blood vessels 

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

Pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve

Sounds are produced by the __?__ of valves

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