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Dipole
A molecule with uneven electron distribution, exhibiting a positive and a negative end.
Ion-Dipole Attraction
The interaction between an ionic charge and a molecular dipole.
Dipole-Dipole Attraction
Attraction between two permanent dipoles in molecules.
Induced Dipole Attraction
A type of attraction where a dipole is induced in a nonpolar molecule by surrounding dipoles.
Dispersion Forces
Also known as induced dipole-induced dipole attractions; interactions due to momentary arrangements of electrons.
Molarity
A common unit of concentration referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Saturated Solution
A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature.
Solubility
The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.
Hydrogen Bonding
A strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when hydrogen interacts with highly electronegative atoms like N, O, or F.
Precipitate
A solid that forms upon cooling in a solution.
Solute
The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
Solvent
The largest component in a solution that dissolves the solute.
Temporary Dipoles
Momentary dipoles that occur due to the arrangement of electrons.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.
Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains more solute than can be dissolved at a given temperature.
Gas Solubility
The amount of gas that can dissolve in a liquid, which decreases with increased temperature.