1.1: anatomy & physiology terminology

regional anatomy

interrelationships of structures in the body; show structures work together

systemic anatomy

structures that make up part of the body; groups of structures working together

ex: muscular system consisting of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

physiology

how parts of the body functions

integumentary system

encloses internal body structures

ex: hair, nails, skin

skeletal system

supports the body and movement

ex: bones, joints, cartilage

muscular system

supports movement along with skeletal system

nervous system

receives and processes sensory information

endocrine system

secretes hormones to regulates bodily processes

cardiovascular system

delivers oxygen & nutrients to tissue

anabolism

building bigger molecules with smaller ones

catabolism

breaking down bigger molecules into smaller ones

set point

value in which the normal range fluctuates

negative feedback

reverses changes to return to set point & reduces stimulus

parts of the negative feedback loop:

sensor (receives info), control (compare to set point and communicate with effector), effector (makes changes to return to homeostasis)

positive feedback loop

intensifies bodily responses to deviate more instead of reversing it to return to homeostasis and increases stimulus

how does negative feedback loop compare to positive feedback loop?

the external change is stopped by negative feedback loops internally, while positive feedback loops are stopped by use of external changes

what’s the position on the left? right?

anterior/ ventral, posterior/ dorsal

what’s superior and what’s inferior?

superior is towards the head while inferior is towards the feet

ex: the pelvis is superior to the feet

if a line were to run down the middle, with arrows pointing towards the middle, what would this position be called?

medial: towards the midline

if a line were to run down the middle with arrows pointing away, what would the position be called?

lateral: away from midline

if an arrow pointed towards the trunk, what would this position be called

proximal

if an arrow pointed away from the trunk, what would this position be called

distal

the brain is ____ to the skull

deep

the skull is ___ to the brain

superficial

plane divided between left & right

midsagittal plane

plane divided between front & back

coronal plane

pane divided between top & bottom

transverse

body cavity

internal regions of the body

what’s so important to note about the anatomical pictures in textbooks?

everyone’s anatomy is unique and can therefore look different from examples shown, and still be normal

what planes does the coronal plane divide into?

anterior & posterior

what plane does the transverse plane divide into?

superior & inferior