ASVAB STUDY

Distance

Rate × Time

Rate

Distance ÷ Time

Time

Distance ÷ Rate

Work

Rate × Time

Percent

(Part ÷ Whole) × 100

Simple Interest

I = P × R × T

Profit

Selling Price – Cost

Ratio

Comparison of two quantities

Average

Sum of values ÷ number of values

Probability

Number of favorable outcomes ÷ total outcomes

Prime Number

Number divisible only by 1 and itself

Mean

Average of a set of numbers

Median

Middle value in ordered data

Mode

Most frequent value

Quadratic Formula

(−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) ÷ 2a

Slope

(y₂ − y₁) ÷ (x₂ − x₁)

Exponent Rule: a⁻ⁿ

1 ÷ aⁿ

Exponent Rule: aᵐ × aⁿ

aᵐ⁺ⁿ

Exponent Rule: (aᵐ)ⁿ

aᵐⁿ

Area of Triangle

½ × base × height

Area of Circle

πr²

Circumference

2πr

Area of Rectangle

length × width

Volume of Cube

s³

Volume of Rectangular Solid

length × width × height

Volume of Cylinder

πr²h

Perimeter of Rectangle

2(l + w)

Pythagorean Theorem

a² + b² = c²

Complementary Angles

Sum to 90°

Supplementary Angles

Sum to 180°

Linear Equation

Equation whose graph is a straight line

Inequality

A mathematical statement comparing two values

Variable

Symbol representing an unknown value

Coefficient

Number multiplied by a variable

Prefix "sub-"

under, below

Prefix "anti-"

against

Prefix "inter-"

between

Prefix "pre-"

before

Prefix "un-"

not

Root "bio"

life

Root "chrono"

time

Root "geo"

earth

Root "therm"

heat

Root "dict"

say, speak

Root "cred"

believe

Root "port"

carry

Suffix "-ology"

study of

Suffix "-able"

capable of

Ambiguous

unclear; having multiple meanings

Adversary

opponent

Benevolent

kind, charitable

Convey

communicate or express

Enhance

improve or increase

Infer

draw a conclusion using evidence

Main Idea

central point of a passage

Supporting Detail

information explaining or proving the main idea

Author’s Purpose

reason the author wrote the passage

Inference

conclusion based on evidence in the text

Context Clues

hints in a sentence that reveal a word’s meaning

Cell

basic unit of life

Mitochondria

produces cell energy

Photosynthesis

process turning sunlight into chemical energy

Respiration

process of releasing energy from food

DNA

genetic material

Gene

segment of DNA controlling traits

Atom

smallest unit of matter

Proton

positively charged particle

Neutron

neutral particle in nucleus

Electron

negatively charged particle

Molecule

two or more atoms bonded

Physical Change

change in form but not composition

Chemical Change

substances transform into new substances

Force

mass × acceleration

Newton’s First Law

object stays at rest or in motion unless acted upon

Newton’s Second Law

F = m × a

Newton’s Third Law

every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Evaporation

liquid → gas

Condensation

gas → liquid

Precipitation

water falling from atmosphere

Rock Cycle

formation and change of rocks

Plate Tectonics

movement of Earth’s plates

Solar System

sun and objects orbiting it

Voltage

electrical pressure

Current

flow of electrons

Resistance

opposition to current

Power (electrical)

P = IV

Ohm’s Law

V = I × R

AC (Alternating Current)

current that reverses direction

DC (Direct Current)

current flowing in one direction

Conductor

material that allows electricity to flow

Insulator

material that resists electrical flow

Resistor

component that limits current

Capacitor

component that stores electricity

Inductor

component storing magnetic energy

Diode

allows current to flow in one direction

Transistor

switches or amplifies current

Switch

device that opens or closes circuits

Transformer

changes AC voltage level

Lever

simple machine using a rigid bar

Fulcrum

point where a lever pivots