chapter 12 - 2nd war for independence + upsurge of nationalism

What were the main regions in the U.S. that supported the War of 1812?

The West and South supported the war, while the Northeast was against it.

What was the outcome of the American attacks on Canada during the War of 1812?

The attacks were poorly planned and executed, resulting in American losses at Detroit, Niagara, and Lake Champlain.

Who built a fleet on Lake Erie and won a significant battle?

Oliver Hazard Perry built a fleet on Lake Erie and won a battle there.

What was the significance of the Battle of the Thames?

It resulted in the defeat of the British and the death of Tecumseh.

How did Captain Thomas MacDonough contribute to the War of 1812?

He engaged the British at Lake Champlain and achieved victory, halting their plans to attack New York City.

What happened to Washington D.C. during the War of 1812?

The British burned the capital, including the White House and Congress.

What inspired Francis Scott Key to write 'The Star-Spangled Banner'?

He wrote it during the battle at Fort McHenry, describing the resilience of the American flag.

What was the outcome of the Battle of New Orleans?

Andrew Jackson led a diverse army to victory against the British, despite the war officially ending before the battle.

What was the Treaty of Ghent?

The Treaty of Ghent, signed in December 1814, was an armistice that ended the War of 1812 without territorial changes.

What were the demands made by the British during the negotiations for the Treaty of Ghent?

The British wanted an Indian buffer zone, control of the Great Lakes, and part of Maine, which the Americans rejected.

What was the Hartford Convention?

A meeting of New England delegates in late 1814 to discuss grievances against the war and consider secession.

What was the impact of the War of 1812 on the Federalist Party?

The Federalist Party was significantly weakened and nearly dissolved after the war.

What was a major effect of the War of 1812 on American nationalism?

The war fostered a sense of national pride and unity among Americans.

Who were some notable American writers that emerged after the War of 1812?

Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper were notable writers who produced American fiction.

What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement?

An 1817 treaty between the U.S. and England that limited naval power on the Great Lakes.

What was the significance of the War of 1812 in terms of American respect on the global stage?

The war established American credibility and respect as a nation willing to fight against a powerful adversary.

What was the relationship between the U.S. and Canada following the War of 1812?

The war led to a long-lasting peaceful relationship, exemplified by the world's longest unfortified border.

What was the state of American military strength after the War of 1812?

The military was strengthened following the war, contributing to a sense of national security.

What was the context of the War of 1812 in relation to European conflicts?

The War of 1812 was a small part of a larger European war, particularly against Napoleon's influence.

What was the significance of the Battle of Horseshoe Bend?

Andrew Jackson's victory against the Indians at Horseshoe Bend helped him assemble a diverse army for the Battle of New Orleans.

What was the impact on Washington D.C. after it was burnt?

Washington D.C. was reborn, and the military was strengthened.

Who made the famous toast regarding America's foreign policy?

Stephen Decatur made the toast emphasizing that America should always be in the right, but if wrong, still support the country.

What was the purpose of the Tariff of 1816?

It was America's first protective tariff, assessing a rate of 20-25% on imports to protect American industry.

What were the three proposals of Henry Clay's American System?

1. A strong banking system, 2. A protective tariff to boost American industry, 3. A strong transportation network of roads and canals.

What was the significance of the Erie Canal?

Completed in 1825, it was a major internal improvement that facilitated transportation and trade.

What was the Era of Good Feelings?

A period after the War of 1812 characterized by a single political party (Republicans) and a sense of national unity.

What economic event occurred in 1819?

An economic panic struck due to over-speculation in land, leading to bankruptcies and high unemployment.

What was the Land Act of 1820?

It allowed buyers to purchase 80 acres of land at $1.25 per acre, promoting westward expansion.

What was the Tallmadge Amendment?

Proposed to limit slavery in Missouri by prohibiting new slaves and gradually emancipating existing slaves.

What did the Missouri Compromise achieve?

Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between free and slave states.

What was the significance of the 36°30' line established by the Missouri Compromise?

It determined that new states north of the line would be free and those south would be slave states.

Who was Chief Justice during the Era of Good Feelings?

John Marshall, who favored a strong federal government.

What was the outcome of McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)?

The Supreme Court declared the Bank of the U.S. constitutional, affirming the use of the Elastic Clause.

What was the economic situation in the West during the Panic of 1819?

The West was hit hardest, with many farmers losing their land due to bank foreclosures.

What was a major concern for the South regarding the Tallmadge Amendment?

Southerners feared it was the beginning of efforts to liberate all slaves in the South.

How did the Panic of 1819 affect public perception of eastern banks?

It led to distrust of eastern banks, contributing to the rise of Jacksonian democracy.

What was the significance of the term 'Ohio Fever'?

It referred to the American urge to move westward for cheap land and better soil.

What was one reason the South opposed internal improvements like roads and canals?

The South relied on river systems for shipping and did not see benefits in paying for improvements in other states.

What was the political landscape during James Monroe's presidency?

The Federalist party had vanished, leading to a period of perceived political unity under the Republican party.

What was the long-term effect of the economic panics in the 1800s?

They created a cycle of economic instability, with a panic occurring approximately every 20 years.

What did the term 'strict constructionist' refer to in the context of the 10th Amendment?

It referred to the belief that powers not explicitly granted to the federal government should be reserved for the states.

What was the significance of Cohens vs. Virginia (1821)?

The Supreme Court established its power to review state court decisions in cases involving federal government powers.

What was the outcome of Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)?

The Supreme Court ruled that only Congress can regulate interstate trade, invalidating New York's monopoly on steamboat operations.

What was the Fletcher vs. Peck (1810) case about?

The Supreme Court ruled that a contract cannot be broken by state laws, affirming the sanctity of contracts.

What was the importance of Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819)?

The Supreme Court upheld the college's charter as a contract that states could not revoke, reinforcing federal power over state actions.

What pattern emerged from the Supreme Court decisions during John Marshall's tenure?

A consistent trend of federal government power increasing at the expense of state authority.

What was the Treaty of 1818 and its significance?

It established a border at 49° for the Canada border and allowed joint occupation of Oregon, enhancing U.S. international standing.

What actions did Andrew Jackson take in Florida?

Jackson seized control of Florida, capturing runaway slaves and punishing Native Americans, leading to the Florida Purchase Treaty.

What were the terms of the Florida Purchase Treaty?

America paid $5 million for Florida, Spain relinquished claims to Oregon, and the southern limit of Oregon was set at 42° latitude.

What concerns arose in America regarding European monarchies after the French Revolution?

Americans feared that European monarchies might attempt to reassert control over the Americas.

What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

It asserted European non-colonization and non-intervention in the Americas, signaling a shift in U.S. foreign policy.

How did the Monroe Doctrine affect U.S. relations with Europe?

It asserted U.S. independence in foreign affairs, but also created tensions as Europe viewed it as bold and confrontational.

What was the reaction of Latin Americans to the Monroe Doctrine?

They were skeptical, recognizing that the British navy supported the doctrine and that U.S. interests were prioritized.

What was the outcome of the Russo-American Treaty of 1824?

It set the southern boundary of Russian territory at 54° 40', indicating a retreat by Russia in response to U.S. policies.

What was the long-term significance of the Monroe Doctrine?

It evolved into a fundamental guideline for American foreign policy, promoting nationalism and asserting U.S. interests.

What was the primary concern of the South regarding federal power?

The South worried that federal power would encroach on states' rights and threaten the institution of slavery.

Who was the key figure arguing in favor of Dartmouth College in the Supreme Court?

Senator Daniel Webster.

What did the Supreme Court's decisions in the early 1800s indicate about federal versus state power?

The decisions favored federal authority over state laws, establishing a precedent for future cases.

What was the broader context of U.S. foreign policy after the War of 1812?

The U.S. emerged as a more confident international player, seeking to assert its interests and boundaries.

What was the role of John Quincy Adams in shaping U.S. foreign policy?

As Secretary of State, he was instrumental in negotiating treaties and asserting U.S. interests abroad.

What was the impact of the British navy on the Monroe Doctrine?

The British navy provided the enforcement needed for the doctrine, despite American claims of independence.

What was the significance of the 'KEEP OUT' message of the Monroe Doctrine?

It communicated to European nations that the Americas were off-limits for further colonization or intervention.