now I'm REALLY gonna kms

I'm so sick of psychology (lying)

Participant Bias

Participants influence the outcome of a study.

Demand Characteristics

When participants guess how they’re expected to act

Oh-Screw-You

When participants behave contrary to how they’re expected to act.

Reactivity

Occurs when a participant alters their behavior simply because they’re aware they’re being observed and measured, regardless of what the study is about

Placebo Effect

Occurs when a person experiences a real change in symptoms because they believe they’re receiving treatment

Social Desirability Bias

Occurs when participants alter their responses based on others in the room to appear more favorable.

Carry-over Effect

For a repeated measures design, a ________ is when the effects in one condition carry over to the other.

Interference Effect

Often happens in memory research. This is when the info from the first condition interferes with info from the second condition.

Practice Effect

Refers to improvement in performance at a task or test that results simply because the participant practiced beforehand.

Fatigue Effect

tire b

Sooo, let’s say—Zeventy holds a study. Yoosung, who’s participating in it, starts acting different because he knows this is for science. 

What’s Yoosung experiencing?

Reactivity

707 convinced Yoosung he had ‘passoutbecauseofdrinkingcaffiene syndrome” and in order to cure it, he asked Yoosung to drink a bunch of chocolate milk. Yoosung followed 707’s advice, and started feeling better!

But how?

Placebo Effect

ZEN participates in a study, and instead of being quiet and not talking to the other participants, he begins to make conversation with the first girl he sees.

What’s this called?

Oh-Screw-You Effect

Yoosung is studying for an English test where he has to memorize vocab, but he takes a break to play LOLOL. When he returns, he can’t remember anything!

What is Yoosung experiencing now?

Interference Effect

Jaehee brings coffee for Jumin every morning—not because he tells her to, but because she just assumes she has to as his assistant.

What is this called?

Demand Characteristics

When taking a test, Yoosung stays quiet because everyone else does.

Expectancy

Participant

People that participate in a study

Target population

Group of people scientists are focusing on/investigating

Selection Bias

Selected participants of a study don't reflect the entire target population/ The researcher intentionally or unintentionally chooses a type of person.

Opportunity Sampling

Taking the sample from people who are available at the time the study is carried out/ Participants are chosen because they're easily available.

Random Sampling

A probability sample in which any individual in the target population has an equal chance of participation.

Snowball Sampling

When you want 1 participant, but you get a lot more through word of mouth.

Stratified Sampling

A type of probability sampling in which the population is divided into groups with a common attribute and a random sample is chosen within each group

Population Validity

How representative the samples are of the target population

Ecological Validity

The extent to which a study is realistic or representative of real life and can be applied to these environents.

Self-Selected Sampling

a group of participants who volunteered

Quasi-Experiment

Not randomly choosing participants

Confounding Variable

Something you didn’t know was going to happen

Controlled Variable

Variables that stay the same

Experimental Design

The method in which participants are allocated in conditions

Independent Samples

Applying only 1 condition

Repeated Measures

Undergoing both conditions

Confounding Variable

Something you didn’t know was going to happen

Null Hypothesis

A form of hypothesis deemed “true” unless something actually proves it wrong

True Experiment

Independent variable is manipulated, dependent variable is measured in order to prove or disprove null hypothesis.

Bias

Prior experiences lead to impartiality

Causality

The result of an action that causes someone to act later.

CARDUD

Requirements to have an ethical experiment.

Consent

Participants must voluntarily agree to participate in a study without coercion and be fully informed

Anonymity

Participant identities are not recorded

Deception

Misleading or withholding info

Refusal

Participants can stop at any time. If they have received compensation for their participation, they are allowed to keep it.

Undue stress

No physical or psychological harm should happen to the participants of your study

707 keeps from the RFA that there is a bomb in Rika’s apartment where MC is staying. What is this an example of, in terms of CARDUD?

Deception

For a study, Zeventy asks ZEN to stay in a room with Elizabeth the 3rd for an hour. ZEN is allergic to cats. What is this an example of, in terms of CARDUD?

Undue stress

707 tells RFA about the special security system after it has been revealed. What is this an example of, in terms of CARDUD?

Debriefing

ZEN tells Zeventy he doesn’t want to be in a room with a cat for an hour.

In terms of CARDUD, what has ZEN just done?

Refusal

Perspective

A lens or viewpoint psychologists use to study and explain human behavior

Bias

Asystematic error or distortion in thinking, perception and interpretation, often unconcious

Cultural perspective

An intentional approach that  recognizes the influence of culture on humans.

Determinism

The idea that all human thoughts, feelings and behaviors are caused by specific factors.

Biological Determinism

Argues that behavior is shaped by genetics, brain chemistry, structure and hormones.

Environmental Determinism

Argues that behavior is solely shaped by environmental stimuli.

Soft determinism

Suggests that although some things have an external cause, we still have some control over our actions.

Cognitive approach

Argues that our behavior is the result of cognitive processing.

Reductionism

Breaks complex behaviors down to their simplest part to understand them.

Holistic

Looks at the whole person, considering how different factors interact

Universalism

Assumes that psychological principles apply across all humans, regardless of cultural context

Zeventy is Desi-Korean, unlike the other members of the RFA. If Jumin guessed that her being Desi resulted in some of her personality traits that differ from the rest of the RFA’s, what perspective is he taking?

Cultural perspective

As Jumin says that, Jaehee disagrees, saying that all people are all the same regardless of their culture. What stance is Jaehee taking?

Universalist

Before figuring out how to hack something, he breaks everything down to its simplest parts to understand them.

In terms of psychology, what is this an example of?

Reductionism