Studied by 34 PeoplePhylum Annelida
Tags & Description
Phylum Annelida
segmented worms, decomposers (eats dead organisms and recycles nutrients back into soil)
Segmentation
Repeated units that allow for growth in an animal
Metamerism
serial repeated units, found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata but was evolved independently from each other (convergent evolution)
Setae
tiny chitinous bristles found on many annelids like bristle worms
Class Polychaeta (Bristle Worms)
- Bristle worms - Generally marine - Contain bristles called "chaetae' made of chitin - Dioecious (sperate genders) - Don't have permanent sex organs - Scavengers (decomposer) and/or predators
Class Oligochaeta (Earthworms)
- Hermaphrodites - Earthworms - Terrestrial or freshwater - Range from 0.5 mm to 3 meters Aristotle called earthworms "intestines of the soil" Charles Darwin wrote The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through The Action of Worms
Class Hirudinea (Leeches)
- Leeches - Hermaphrodites (similar reproduction to earth worms) - Most between 2-6 centimeters in length - Most freshwater, few marine, in moist terrestrial enviornments - Has mesodermal tissue - Fixed number of segments (usually 24) - Many are parasitic (feeds on blood) some are predators - Lack distinct coelomic compartments - Secrete anticoagulant
Anticoagulant
Secreted by leeches in their saliva that helps the blood continue to flow as they feed
Prostomium
where the mouth is located right underneath
Peristomium
(first segment posterior to head, "mouth")
Pygidium
anus "end"
Hydrostatic Skeleton
found in invertebrates (worms), lack of a bone structure, contraction of muscles allow the worm to move
Chaetae
Bristles that are made of chitin that can be found mostly on Polychaeta (bristle worms) and a little on Oligochaete (earthworms)
Dioecious
having male and female reproductive organs in separate animals, opposite of monoecious
Fireworm
Hermodice carunculata, polychaete that eat corals, hollow setae contains poison to repel predators
Scale Worm
Hesperonoe adventor, flattened body covered with broad scales, very large
Class Sedentaria
- Contains worms with polychaete and oligochaete body plans - Feed on plankton and detritus - Tube worms - Fan worms
Tubeworms
Amphitrite, builds tubes into mud or sand, have long grooved tentacles
Sabella
feather duster worm, filter feeding worm, uses cilia to direct small food particles to the mouth, sand grains are stored in sacs to use later for tube building
Peristalsis
waves of contraction and expansion that sweep along the body of the worm for movement that also helps with digestion
Typhlosole
Found in earthworms, it is a dorsal flap of the intestine that runs along most of its length, effectively forming a tube within a tube, and increasing the absorption area by that of its inner surface. Its function
Castings
worm excrement (poop) that contains many nutrients for the soil
Nephridia
a pair of invertebrate kidneys that operate similarly to vertebrate kidneys. In earthworms, nephridia are responsible for maintaining osmoregulation.
Clitellum
"collar", houses the reproductive organs, before it contains majority of organs, after it to anus is mainly GI tract
Seminal Vesicles
produce the sperm and then fertilize the eggs
Seminal Receptacles
hold the sperm from the other worm
Cocoon
The "larvae" stage for earth worms
Medicinal Leeches
Hirudo medicinalis, leech that is used when fingers or toes are severed to clear out congestion so the veins can grow back
Ecological relationships of annelids
- Burrow into mud or sand - Feed on organic matter - Decomposers - Leeches can be used for medicine - Common food source for larger animals - Earthworms help turn the soil for drainage and aeration
Ancestral annelid features
- Bicellular eyes composed of two cells - Nuchal organs - Paired epidermal setae - Grooved pals - Biramous parapodia with internal setae - Metameric body
N sandersi
a deep ocean worm from hydrothermal vent communities
