Survey of Criminal Justice Exam 2

Which era of policing emphasized working with the community to solve problems?

The community era

Which era of policing is said to have been established post 9/11?

The homeland security era

Which of the following is not one of the fundamental tasks of policing?

Sentencing convicted criminals

The average police department has a force of…

10 officers

Which of the constitutional amendments guarantees citizens protection against “unreasonable search and seizure”

4th amendment

Which of the constitutional amendments guarantees citizens protection against being compelled to testify in one’s trial?

5th amendment

To obtain an arrest warrant, police must demonstrate:

Probable cause

The professional era of policing was brought on by”

Upper-middle class progressive activists

When must the miranda warnings be given to suspects?

When the suspect is to be interrogated while in police custody

Evidence that would have been discovered even without the need for a warrant can be admissible under the:

Inevitable discovery rule

Which of the following situations best describes the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule?

An officer believes he is acting correctly under the rules of evidence but is actually incorrect

As the seriousness of the crime increases, police discretion:

Decreases

Clearance rates are:

The percent of crimes that have been solved through arrest

According to broken windows, crime is caused by:

Disorder

Broken windows theory is the foundation of which of the following types of police strategies?

Order maintenance policing

Which of the following factors affect police discretion?

All of the above; nature of crime, relationship between criminal and victim, race, age, and gender of the offender

Which of the following is the lowest level of force a police officer may exert?

Officers presence

According to the Dynamic Response Model, who dictates the level of force exerted by the police?

The suspects behavior

Which of the following patrolling strategies is based on the assumption that crime is not randomly distributed across space, but it clusters in specific areas?

Hotspot policing

What is the only exception to the Miranda Rules?

Public safety

True or False? According to the "Dynamic Resistance Response Model”, there are three types of resistance: passive resistance, aggressive resistance, and water resistance.

False. Deadly resistance replaces water resistance

True or False? The political era was a period of significant reform aimed at creating an efficient and professional force apart from the influence of corrupt politicians.

False. Heavily influenced by corrupt politicians

True or False? The Kansas CIty Preventative Patrol Experiment found preventive patrol to be effective in reducing crime.

False

True or False? Jurisdiction is the authority and ability to choose between equally permissible options.

False

True or False? Police work is mostly proactive.

False. Mostly reactive

True or False? Most local police departments across the country require a Bachelor's degree to be a police officer.

False.

True or False? Differential response involves assigning priorities to various calls for service.

True

True or False? The political era of policing involved close ties between police and local leaders of government.

True

True or False? The exclusionary rule is the principle that illegally obtained evidence will be excluded from the trial.

True

True or False? The fleeing felon rule, established by Tennessee v. Garner set a precedent that police cannot use deadly force for apprehending a person attempting to escape unless there is probable cause to believe that their own lives or lives of others are in danger.

True

Describe hot spots policing. What are its major principles, and approach to the allocation of police resources? What is a potential weakness of this approach?

Hot spots policing is a crime prevention strategy that focuses police resources on specific geographic areas—called “hot spots”—where crime is highly concentrated. It’s main principles are crime concentration and data-driven policing. Hot spots policing uses targeted deployment rather than equal distribution. Officers, patrol units, and specialized teams are strategically assigned to the most crime-prone areas for certain time periods, especially during peak hours. Additionally, residents in heavily patrolled hot spots may feel over-policed or unfairly targeted, which can strain police-community relations and reduce trust in law enforcement.