Coagulase negative staphyloccous

Name them

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphyoloccous hemolyticus

Staphylococcus hominis

Staphylocccus epidermidyis (taxonomy)

Gram postitive cocci (grape like clusters)

Non motile, Non spore forming

Non hemolytic (gamma hemolysis)

White colonies

Opportunistic pathogens

Exist on normal skin flora

Morphology (staph epid)

Catalase +

Coagulase -

Novobiocin sensitive

Gram positive cocci (grape like clusters, purple)

Do not ferment mannitol

Virulence factors (staph epid)

Biofilm production

• Allows them to adhere to things (catheters etc)

Polysaccharide adhesins

Extra cellular matrix production

• allows them to protect themselves

Antiobiotic resistance

Diseases (staph epid)

Device related

• Prosthetic valve endocarditis : biofilm on valve

• Prosthetic joint infection

• Catheter related bacteremia

Microbiological diagnosis (staph epid)

Sample collection : from catheter + blood

Blood culture : positive

Gram stain : gram positive cocci

Catalase +

Coagulase -

Novobiocin sensitive (distinguishes them from staph saprophyticus

Treatment (staph epid)

Methicillin sensitive : Naficillin/ oxicillin

Methicillin resistant : vancomycin

SEVERE : Vancomycin + rifampicin

Prevention (staph epid)

Using sterile catheters etc

Proper handling of them

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus (taxonomy)

Gram positive cocci (grape like clusters, purple)

Non hemolytic (gamma hemolysis)

White colonies

Non motile, Non spore forming

Opportunistic pathogen

Habitat is female urogenital tract

Morphology (staph sapro)

Gram positive cocci

Catalase +

Coagulase -

Novobiocin resistant

Does not ferment mannitol

Virulence factors (staph sapro)

Adhesins (to stick to uroepithelium)

Surface proteins (to promote colonization)

Biofilm (limited)

Disease (staph sapro)

Main disease in acute cystitis in young sexually active women

Microbiological test (staph sapro)

Gram positive cocci

Catalase +

Coagulase -

Novobiocin resistant

Urine test +

Treatment (staph sapro)

For cystitis : nitrfurantoin

UTI treatments

More resistant strains : culture based therapy

Prevention (staph sapro)

Fluids + urination to flush out

Staph lugdunensis + staph hominis + staph hemolyticus

Staph lugdunensis : (behaves like staph aureus )

• can cause native heart valve endocarditis + catheter related

• Normal skin flora

• High virulence (adhesins, cytotoxic enzymes, biofilm)

Staph hominis : in normal skin

• Not as virulent

Staph hemolyticus : (normal skin flora

• strong biofilm

• Causes nosocomial bloodstream infections