The Indicative Mood in Spanish: Conjugations and Uses

Overall Quiz

What are the regular present tense endings for -AR verbs in Spanish?

-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.

What are the regular present tense endings for -ER verbs in Spanish?

-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.

What are the regular present tense endings for -IR verbs in Spanish?

-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en.

Conjugate the verb SER in the present indicative.

soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.

Conjugate the verb ESTAR in the present indicative.

estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.

Conjugate the verb IR in the present indicative.

voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van.

In the present indicative, verbs like PENSAR, ENTENDER, and PREFERIR follow the stem-change rule _.

e > ie

What is the 'nosotros' form of the stem-changing verb PENSAR (e>ie) in the present tense?

pensamos (the stem change does not apply to nosotros/vosotros).

In the present indicative, verbs like RECORDAR, VOLVER, and DORMIR follow the stem-change rule _.

o > ue

What is the 'yo' form of DORMIR in the present tense?

duermo.

In the present indicative, verbs like PEDIR, REPETIR, and SERVIR follow the stem-change rule _.

e > i

What is the 'yo' form of HACER in the present tense?

hago.

What is the 'yo' form of TENER in the present tense?

tengo.

What is the 'yo' form of PONER in the present tense?

pongo.

What is the 'yo' form of SALIR in the present tense?

salgo.

What is the 'yo' form of TRAER in the present tense?

traigo.

What is the 'yo' form of CONOCER in the present tense?

conozco.

Verbs ending in -ucir, like TRADUCIR, change to _ in the 'yo' present form.

-uzco (traduzco).

What is the 'yo' form of SABER in the present tense?

sé.

What is the 'yo' form of VER in the present tense?

veo.

What is the 'yo' form of DAR in the present tense?

doy.

How is the verb GUSTAR conjugated in the present tense when the object liked is singular, like 'el chocolate'?

It uses the third-person singular form: gusta (me gusta, te gusta, le gusta…).

How is the verb GUSTAR conjugated in the present tense when the objects liked are plural, like 'las flores'?

It uses the third-person plural form: gustan (me gustan, te gustan, le gustan…).

Identify one use of the Presente de Indicativo.

To talk about habitual actions, customs, or their frequency (e.g., 'Compro el periódico todos los días').

The Presente de Indicativo can be used to describe general or _ truths.

timeless (e.g., 'En invierno nieva en el norte de España').

Besides habits and general truths, what is another use for the Presente de Indicativo?

To talk about an action or situation happening in the present moment (e.g., 'Alguien llama a la puerta').

The Presente de Indicativo can be used to talk about the future for actions and plans that are _ and controlled.

certain (e.g., '¿Vienen mañana a casa?').

What is the verbal periphrasis used to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking?

ESTAR + GERUNDIO.

How is the gerund formed for regular -AR verbs?

The stem + -ando (e.g., cantando).

How is the gerund formed for regular -ER and -IR verbs?

The stem + -iendo (e.g., comiendo, compartiendo).

What is the irregular gerund of the verb DORMIR?

durmiendo.

What is the irregular gerund of the verb LEER?

leyendo.

What is the irregular gerund of the verb DECIR?

diciendo.

What is the irregular gerund of the verb IR?

yendo.

With pronominal verbs in the 'estar + gerundio' structure, where can the pronoun be placed?

Either before the conjugated verb 'estar' or attached to the end of the gerund (e.g., 'me estoy peinando' or 'estoy peinándome').

What are the regular Pretérito Perfecto Simple endings for -AR verbs?

-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron.

What are the regular Pretérito Perfecto Simple endings for -ER and -IR verbs?

-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron.

Conjugate the verb HACER in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple.

hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron.

Conjugate the verb IR in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple.

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.

The conjugation of SER in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple is identical to which other verb?

IR (fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron).

Conjugate the verb TENER in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple.

tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron.

Conjugate the verb QUERER in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple.

quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron.

What is the 'yo' form of the verb LLEGAR in the Pretérito Perfecto Simple?

llegué.

What is the primary use of the Pretérito Perfecto Simple?

To talk about actions or states that finished at a specific moment in the past (e.g., 'Julián vivió durante tres años en Francia').

Temporal markers like 'ayer', 'el año pasado', and 'en 2001' are typically used with which past tense?

Pretérito Perfecto Simple.

What are the regular Pretérito Imperfecto endings for -AR verbs?

-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban.

What are the regular Pretérito Imperfecto endings for -ER and -IR verbs?

-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.

How many verbs are irregular in the Pretérito Imperfecto tense?

Three: SER, IR, and VER.

Conjugate the verb SER in the Pretérito Imperfecto.

era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran.

Conjugate the verb IR in the Pretérito Imperfecto.

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.

Conjugate the verb VER in the Pretérito Imperfecto.

veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían.

One use of the Pretérito Imperfecto is to _ people, objects, or places in the past.

describe (e.g., 'ella era pelirroja').

The Pretérito Imperfecto is used to talk about _ actions in the past, equivalent to the present habitual.

habitual (e.g., 'Todos los sábados iba al parque').

Which past tense is used to state age and time in the past?

Pretérito Imperfecto (e.g., 'yo tenía veinte años', 'Era la una y diez').

How is the Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto formed?

By using the present indicative of the auxiliary verb HABER + the past participle.

What is the regular past participle ending for -AR verbs?

-ado.

What is the regular past participle ending for -ER and -IR verbs?

-ido.

What is the irregular past participle of the verb PONER?

puesto.

What is the irregular past participle of the verb HACER?

hecho.

What is the irregular past participle of the verb DECIR?

dicho.

What is the irregular past participle of the verb VER?

visto.

What is the irregular past participle of the verb ESCRIBIR?

escrito.

A key use of the Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto is to talk about actions in a time period that is _.

not yet finished (e.g., 'Esta mañana no he ido a clase').

Temporal markers like 'hoy', 'este año', and 'últimamente' are used with which tense?

Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto.

How is the Futuro Simple formed for regular verbs?

By adding the future endings to the complete infinitive of the verb.

What are the endings for the Futuro Simple tense?

-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.

What is the irregular future stem for the verb PONER?

pondr- (pondré, pondrás…).

What is the irregular future stem for the verb HACER?

har- (haré, harás…).

What is the irregular future stem for the verb DECIR?

dir- (diré, dirás…).

What is the irregular future stem for the verb TENER?

tendr- (tendré, tendrás…).

The Futuro Simple is used to make promises, hypotheses, or express _.

probabilities (e.g., 'Juan no está en casa. Estará en casa de su amigo').

How is the 'futuro próximo' (near future) tense formed?

Using the periphrasis IR + A + INFINITIVO.

What is a primary use of the 'IR + A + INFINITIVO' structure?

To talk about future plans or intentions (e.g., 'Vamos a ir a España este verano').

The structure 'IR + A + INFINITIVO' can be used to talk about future events, especially when there is present evidence, like making a _.

prediction (e.g., 'Vienen nubes muy negras, va a llover').

What is the present indicative form of impersonal HABER (there is/are)?

hay.

What is the Pretérito Imperfecto form of impersonal HABER (there was/were, used for description)?

había.

What is the Pretérito Perfecto Simple form of impersonal HABER (there was/were, for a specific event)?

hubo.

What is the Futuro Simple form of impersonal HABER (there will be)?

habrá.