cell division/DNA replication

purines

two ringed nitrogenous bases - adenine and guanine

pyrimidines

single ringed nitrogenous bases - thymine and cytosine

what is a nucleotide made of

a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

where is DNA replication in a eukaryotic cell

in the nucleus

where is DNA replication in a prokaryotic cell

cytoplasm

when does DNA replication occur

during the synthesis phase of the cell cycle

what is the first step of DNA replication

initiation - helicase unzips DNA and primase adds short RNA primer

what is the second step of DNA replication

elongation - polymerase matches bases following complimentary rule

what is the third step of DNA replication

termination - ligase closes new DNA strand

what does helicase do

breaks hydrogen bonds and seperates DNA (in step 1)

what does polymerase do

matches nucleotides to new strand of DNA (step 2)

what does topoisomerase 

keeps DNA stable while unwinding (present in all steps)

what does primase do

adds primer to attract polymerase (step 1)

what does ligase do

glues okazaki fragments together (step 3)

SSBP 

stabilizes single strand DNA

chromatin

unwound DNA

chromosomes

packages of DNA

chromatids

each strang of a chromosome

centromere

point of attachment for two chromatids

centrioles

organize spindle fiber formation

what is the first phase of mitosis

prophase - centrioles migrate to poles, nuclear membrane dissolves

what is the second phase of mitosis

metaphase - centrioles are on opposite sides of the cell, chromosomes line up in middle

what is the third phase of mitosis

anaphase - centromeres divide, chromatids goto opposite sides of the cell

what is the fourth phase of mitosis

telophase - nuclear membrane forms, new cells are formed

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase