PHAR 308: Flashcards 18 - ADHD
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8 Terms
What is ADHD?
A childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by:
Developmentally inappropriate and impairing attention
Motor hyperactivity
Impulsivity
How had ADHD rates changed recently
Increased from 3.4 to 5-9%
What is the etiology of ADHD?
strong possibility of a genetic link
environmental factors
What are thge environmental risk factors?
prenatal and perinatal factors
Environmental toxins in early childhood
Dietary factors
Psychosocial factors
What is the pathogenesis of ADHD?
Less than optimal NE and Da neurotransmission in the frontal lobe
this leads to a reduction of size or deforming of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
What are the pharmacological treatment optiuons?
Stimulants (first choice)
Increases catacholamine activity
Non stimulants
What is the mechanism of action for the stimulant drugs?
Mimics sympathetic system
wull act on the CNS to increase levels of DA and NE
Ex. Amphetamines and methylphenidate
What is the mechanism of action for the non-stimulant drugs?
less effective than the stimulant drugs
Will block NE reuptake
Will agonize alpha 2 to increase Ne release