KIN 360: LAB EXAM 4

what cell type makes up the endothelium of capillaries?

simple squamous epithelium

what is the name of the vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic capillaries to the veins?

lymphatic vessels

what cell type makes up the endothelium of capillaries?

simple squamous epithelium

what is the name of the vessels that carry lymph from the lymphatic capillaries to the veins?

lymphatic vessels

once interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, what is it called?

lymph

what is the name of the inner region of a lymph node?

medulla

what kind of vessel takes lymph away from a lymph node?

efferent sympathetic vessels

the adenoids are enlarged tonsils

pharyngeal tonsils

which tonsils are found on the sides of the oral cavity?

palatine

which tonsils are located at the back of the tongue?

lingual

blood is filtered by which lymphatic organ in the adult?

spleen

what part of the spleen is involved in producing lymphocytes?

white pulp

where do T cells mature:

thymus

the letters bpm stand for what phrase in cardiac measurement?

beats per minute

what does a sphygmomanometer measurez/

blood pressure

to measure blood pressure, what artery would you most commonly usez/

brachial artery

if you have a blood pressure of 140/80, what does the 80 represent

diastolic pressure

what is the clinical threshold for high blood pressure in young adults z/

140/90

when the first sound is heard during measurement with a blood pressure cuff, what is measured, systolic or diastolic pressure?

systolic pressure

what is the common name for the external nares?

nostrils

the nasal cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage.

what functional adaption does cartilage have over bone in making up the external framework of the nose?

cartilage maintains the shape of the nose while maintaining flexibility

three structures make up the nasal septum:

vomer, perpendicular plate ethmoid and nasal cartilage

what is the function of respiratory epithelium and the superficial blood vessels in the nasal cavity?

warm and moisten external air prior to it entering lungs

what is the name of the large cartilage of the anterior larynx?

thyroid cartilage

what is the structure that protects the glottis from fluid entering the larynx?

epiglottis

what lung has just two lobes in a human?

left

what membrane attaches directly to the lungs?

visceral pleura

the trachea branches into two tubes that go to the lungs. what are these tubes called?

primary bronchi

where is the tracheobronchial tree located?

lungs

what small structures in the lung is the site of gas exchange with the blood capillaries?

alveoli

the surface area of the lungs in humans is about 70 square meters.

how can this be so if the lungs are located in the small space of the thoracic cavity?

qhat role do alveoli play in the nature of surface area

alveoli expand/surface area expands/ more inner walls

effect of emphysema on the surface area of the lungs

severe reduction of surface area and elastic recoil decrease

middle portion of the small intestine

jejunum

part of the stomach closest to the small intestine

pylorus

distal portion of the small intestine

ileum

descending colon

alimentary canal

pancreas

accessory organ

layer between the muscularis and mucosa

submucosa

outer surface of the stomach

serosa

location of the villi

mucosa

cell type in the muscularis:

smooth muscle

in the stomach, what is partially digested food called?

chyme

where are lacteals located in the digestive tract?

mucosa of small intestine (villi)

which membrane hold the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?

lingual frenulum

which part of the tooth is found above the neck?

the crown

which layer of the tooth is superficial to the dentin?

enamel

which adult teeth are directly posterior to the canine teeth?

premolars

what are the segments, or pouches, of the large intestine called?

haustra

which salivary glands are located anterior to the ear?

parotid gland

where is the lesser omentum found?

between stomach and liver

where does cystic duct take bile for storage?

gallbladder

trace flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum:

liver - R/L hepatic ducts - common hepatic duct - cystic duct - gall bladder - cystic duct - common bile duct - duodenum

how does the large intestine differ from the small intestine in terms of length?

large intestine is shorter

how does the large intestine differ from the small intestine in terms of diameter?

large intestine is bigger

name two functions of the pancreas:

secrete digestive enzymes

secrete solution that buffers stomach acid

how do fats or oils move from the digestive system to cardiovascular system:

broken into fatty acids which enter small intestine - villi - lymphatic system - cardiovascular system

how would a high fat diet create potential health issues for someone?

lots of fat deposits would be created which could cause atherosclerosis (built up plaque on the inner walls of arteries)

external part of the kidney

renal capsule

storage organ of the urinary system

urinary bladder

takes blood from the kidney

renal vein

separates the renal cortex from the renal medulla

arcuate arteries

receives urine from the renal papilla

minor calyx

leads directly to the renal pelvis

major calyx

located between the kidney and urinary bladder

ureter

terminal part of the nephron:

distal convoluted tubule

region of the kidney with the most glomeruli:

renal cortex

tube that takes urine to outside of the body?

urethra

blood is initially filtered in which part of the nephron?

glomerulus

kidneys position with regard to the parietal peritoneum?

kidneys are posterior

what blood vessel takes blood to the kidney?

renal arteries

what is the triangular region on the posterior bladder called?

trigone

distal convoluted tubules flow directly into which structures

collecting ducts

what is a renal papilla

where collecting ducts drip urine into the minor calyx

a renal corpuscle consists of which structures

vomen capsule and glomerulus

blood from the glomerulus flows to which arteriole next?

efferent arteriole

blood in an arcuate vein will flow into which structure next?

interlobular vein

name parts of the nephron:

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule

what type of epithelium lines the bladder?

transitional epithelial cells

what metabolic by-product from hemoglobin colors the urine yellow?

urochrome

what is the name of the condition o having measurable amounts of sugar in urine?

glycosuria

what is the normal value for sugar in urine?

less than 40 mg/dL

Iif a person has ketonuria and is not diabetic, what question might you ask to see if their results are accurate?

are they fasting/losing weight

what is the range of the specific gravity in normal urine values?

1.001 to 1.035 (might be 1.0001)

elevated levels of white blood cells produce what condition in urine?

pyuria

which of the following urine sediments is probably due to reduced water intake

crystals

which cells found in the urine originally come from the walls of the urethra?

squamous epithelial cells

which cells in the urine come from the wall of the urinary bladder

transitional epithelial cells

the contains a cardiac notch

left lung

which is shorter, wider and more vertical. Right or left main bronchus

right main bronchus

the ____ is a thin membrane that is fused to the surface of the lungs

visceral pleura

the _ separates the capillary blood from the alveolar air

respiratory membrane

T/F - the alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air

false

during expiration …

decreased alveolar volume causes increased alveolar pressure

the result of the process of inspiration is …

increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure

T/F - as the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases

true

T/F - PCO2 is relatively high in the alveoli and is relatively low in the blood

False

T/F - pulmonary surfactant is secreted by Type II alveolar cells

true

how many alveoli are found in each lung

millions

the vestibular and vocal folds are found in the …

larynx

T/F - the respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs, is formed by the wall of the respiratory bronchiole and the pulmonary capillary

false

T/F - during inspiration thoracic cavity volume increases

true

T/F - as the diaphragm relaxes, it is depressed (moves inferiorly)

false