MBA 704 Jia Yu - Module 2

job satisfaction

a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences

what is job satisfaction based on

on how you think about your job and how you feel about your job

what is the value-percept theory

job satisfaction depends on whether you perceive that your job supplies the things that you value

what is the dissatisfaction formula

(Vwant - Vhave) x (Vimportance)

what are the commonly assessed work value categories

- pay

- promotions

- supervision

- coworkers

- work itself

- altruism

- status

- environment

what is the specific value of pay

- high salary

- secure salary

what is the specific value of promotions

- frequent promotions

- promotions based on ability

what is the specific value of supervision

- good supervisory relations

- praise for good work

what is the specific value of coworkers

- enjoyable coworkers

- responsible coworkers

what is the specific value for work itself

- utilization of ability

- freedom and independence

- intellectual stimulation

- creative expression

- sense of achievement

what is the specific value of altruism

- helping others

- moral causes

what is the specific value of status

- prestige

- power over others

- fame

what is the specific value of environment

- comfort

- safety

value percept theory of job satisfaction

people value job satisfaction according to specific facets of the job

what are the specific facets of job satisfaction

- pay satisfaction

- promotion satisfaction

- supervision satisfaction

- coworker satisfaction

- satisfaction with the work itself

what is the strongest facet of job satisfaction

work itself

what is the weakest facet of job satisfaction

pay

order of weakest to strongest facet of job satisfaction

1. pay

2. promotion

3. coworker

4. supervision

5. work itself

what is the job characteristics theory

Jobs are more intrinsically enjoyable when work tasks are challenging and fulfilling

what are the mediators (psychological states) of the job characteristics theory

- meaningfulness of work

- responsibility for outcomes

- knowledge of results

what are the moderators of the job characteristics theory

- knowledge and skill

- growth need strength

what are the job core characteristics under meaningfulness of work

- (V) variety

- (I) identity

- (S) significance

what are the job core characteristics under responsibility for outcomes

- (A) autonomy

what are the job core characteristics under knowledge of results

- (F) feedback

what is variety

extent to which the job requires different activities, requiring different skills and talents

what is identity

the degree to which the job allows an employee to complete a whole identifiable piece of work

what is significance

the degree to which the job has an impact on the lives of other people

what is autonomy

the degree to which the job provides freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual performing the work

what is feedback

the degree to which the job itself provides clear information about how well the individual is performing the work

what are the five job core characteristics and job satisfaction measured by

knowledge and skill

growth needs strength

fluctuations of job satisfaction are caused by what

mood and emotions

what are moods

states of feeling that are mild in intensity, last for an extended period of time, and are not explicitly directed at or caused by anything

how are moods characterized

pleasantness and activation

what is pleasantness

is the mood good or bad

what is activation

to what extent does the mood cause you to feel activated and aroused

what is emotions

states of feeling that are often intense, last for only a few minutes, and are clearly directed at (and caused by) someone or some circumstance

what triggers emotions

specific events, as described by "affective events theory"

what are the different kinds of positive emotions

- joy

- pride

- relief

- hope

- love

- compassion

what is joy

a feeling of great pleasure

what is pride

enhancement of identity by taking credit for achievement

what is relief

a distressing condition has changed for the better

what is hope

fearing the worst but wanting better

what is love

desiring or participating in affection

what is compassion

being moved by another's situation

what are the different kinds of negative emotions

- anger

- anxiety

- fear

- guilt

- shame

- sadness

- envy

- disgust

what is anger

a demeaning offense against me and mine

what is anxiety

facing an uncertain or vague threat

what is fear

facing an immediate and concrete danger

what is guilt

having broken a moral code

what is shame

failing to live up to your ideal self

what is sadness

having experienced an irreversible loss

what is envy

wanting what someone else has

what is disgust

revulsion aroused by something offensive

what is emotional labor

in which employees must manage their emotions to complete their job duties successfully

what is emotional contagion

which can occur when one person "catches" the emotions of another person

this phenomenon can explain why customers are less likely to purchase from a dissatisfied sales person, for example

what do some jobs require

emotional labor

what is personality

the structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of though, emotion, and behavior

what is nature versus nurture questions to ask

are you extraverted or introverted

how does that compare to your parents

which one does your similarities represent

what is the twin studies

scientists study identical twins reared apart in order to separate nature and nurture effects

this research suggests that between 35% and 49% of the variation in personality is due to genetics

what are the "big five" dimensions of personality

- conscientiousness

- agreeableness

- neuroticism

- openness

- extraversion

what is conscientiousness

- dependable

- organized

- reliable

- ambitious

- hardworking

- persevering

what is agreeableness

- kind

- cooperative

- sympathetic

- helpful

- courteous

- warm

what is neuroticism

- nervous

- moody

- emotional

- insecure

- jealous

- unstable

what is openness

- curious

- imaginative

- creative

- complex

- refined

- sophisticated

what is extraversion

- talkative

- sociable

- passionate

- assertive

- bold

- dominant

which out of the "big five" has the biggest influence on job performance

conscientiousness

what do conscientiousness individuals prioritize

accomplishment striving

what is accomplishment striving

which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing one's personality

what do agreeable individuals prioritize

communion striving

what is communion striving

reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing one's personality

beneficial for some jobs (such as service jobs), but not all jobs

how is neuroticism related to job performance

negatively

what is the synonym to neuroticism

negative affectivity

what is negative affectivity

a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance

what do extraverted people prioritize

status striving

what is status striving

reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing one's personality

what are extraverts more likely to emerge as

leaders in social and task-related groups

who are more satisfied with their jobs and what do they tend to be high in

extraverts

positive affectivity

what is positive affectivity

a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation

what is significantly not related to job performance across jobs

openness

what jobs is openness more important in

fluid and dynamic, or that require high levels of creative performance

what do individuals with external locus on control believe

that events are driven by luck, chance, or fate

what do individuals with internal locus of control believe

events are driven by people's own behaviors

what is external locus of control correlated with

neoroticism

what are an increasing number of organizations attempting to use for hiring

"honesty" and "integrity"

out of the big five, which ones is "honesty" and "integrity" tap into

- high conscientiousness

- low neuroticism

- high agreedableness

why are people surprised that integrity tests work

people expect that people would lie about (or at least exaggerate) their integrity

such concerns over "faking" also apply to measures of big five

what are cultural values

shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture

what does cultural values provide societies

their own distinctive personalities

what is individualistic in cultural values

culture is loosely knit social framework in which people take care of themselves and their immediate family

EX: U.S., Netherlands, France

what is collectivistic in cultural values

culture is tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader ingroup and act loyal to it

EX: Indonesia, China, West Africa

what is power distance being low in cultural values

culture prefers that power be distributed uniformly where possible, in a more egalitarian fashion

EX: U.S., Germany, Netherlands

what is high power distance in cultural values

culture accepts the fact that power is usually distributed unequally within organizations

EX: Russia, China, Indonesia

what is low uncertainty avoidance in cultural values

culture tolerates uncertain and ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors

EX: U.S., Indonesia, Netherlands

what is high uncertainty avoidance in cultural values

culture feels threatened by uncertain and ambigous situations and relies on formal rules to create stability

EX: Japan, Russia, France

what is masculine in cultural values

culture values stereotypically male traits such as assertiveness and the acquisition of money and things

EX: U.S., Japan, Germany

what is feminine in cultural values

culture values stereotypically female traits such as caring for others and caring about quality of life

EX; Netherlands, Russia, France

what is short term oriented in cultural values

culture stresses values that are more past and present oriented such as respect for tradition and fulfilling obligations

EX: U.S., Russia, West Africa

what is long term oriented in cultural values

culture stresses values that are more future oriented such as persistence, prudence, and thrift

EX: China, Japan, Netherlands

what is psychologival capital

- efficacy

- optimism

- hope

- resiliency