NURS 307 Ch 9: Skin/Hair/Nails

Eczematous Dermatitis

The most common inflammatory skin disorder; includes irritant, allergic, and atopic dermatitis.

Folliculitis

Inflammation and infection of a hair follicle and the surrounding dermis.

Furuncle (Boil)

Deep-seated infection of the pilosebaceous unit.

Psoriasis

Chronic autoimmune disorder of keratin synthesis characterized by silver-white scaling plaques.

Cellulitis

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Tinea (Dermatophytosis)

Fungal infection involving the stratum corneum, hair, or nails.

Herpes Simplex Type 1 (HSV-1)

Usually associated with oral infections.

Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2)

Usually associated with genital infections.

Drug Eruptions

Immunologically mediated cutaneous reactions to medications.

Acanthosis Nigricans

Nonspecific skin reaction associated with obesity, endocrine syndromes, malignancies, and inherited disorders.

Lentigo

Brown skin spots caused by sun exposure.

Cherry Angiomas

Harmless, age-related red vascular skin lesions.

Seborrheic Keratosis

Benign brown, waxy or clay-like epidermal lesions. doesn't turn into cancer

Vitiligo

Depigmentation of the skin due to loss of melanocytes.

Petechiae

Small red or purple spots often caused by platelet disorders. (<5 mm)

Purpura

Skin discoloration caused by inflammation of small blood vessels (vasculitis). (5 mm-1 cm)

Ecchymosis

Bruising commonly associated with coagulation disorders. (>1 cm)

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common form of skin cancer.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Second most common form of skin cancer.

Malignant Melanoma

Lethal skin cancer arising from melanocytes.

Kaposi Sarcoma

Neoplasm of endothelial and epithelial skin tissues caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8); commonly associated with HIV.

Paronychia

Inflammation of the paronychium (tissue surrounding the nail).

Onychomycosis

Fungal infection of the nail bed.

Ingrown Nail

Condition in which the nail pierces the lateral nail fold and grows into the dermis.

Subungual Hematoma

Bleeding beneath the nail plate caused by trauma, resulting in pain and discoloration.

Koilonychia (Spoon Nails)

Nails with central depression and elevated edges; associated with iron deficiency anemia.

Beau Lines

Transverse depressions in the nail plate often caused by infection or decreased circulation.

Leukonychia Punctata

White spots on the nail plate caused by low albumin levels or injury to the nail matrix.

Terry Nails or White Banding

Transverse white nail bands with a distal brown arc; associated with aging, diabetes, heart failure, and liver disease.

Infant Seborrheic Dermatitis

Common dermatitis in infants, usually occurring within the first 3 months of life; etiology is not well understood.

Miliaria (Prickly Heat)

Skin eruption caused by sweat retention due to occluded sweat ducts in hot, humid conditions.

Impetigo

Common, contagious superficial bacterial skin infection.

Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling)

Loss of scalp hair due to repetitive pulling or manipulation.

Physical Abuse in Children

May present with bruises, burns, lacerations, scars, bony deformities, alopecia, retinal hemorrhages, dental trauma, and head or abdominal injuries.

Stasis Dermatitis

Inflammation of the lower legs caused by chronic venous insufficiency.

Solar Keratosis (Actinic Keratosis)

Precancerous lesion caused by chronic sun damage; considered squamous cell carcinoma confined to the epidermis.

Physical Abuse in Older Adults

May present with bruising, burns, abrasions, or tenderness, especially in hidden areas such as the axillae, inner thighs, soles, palms, and abdomen.