AP Statistics Unit 4 Review

Probability

Relative frequency of an event in the long run/the very long run; always between 1 and 0

Trial

A single attempt of a random phenomenon; each time you observe an experiment happening

Event

A collection of outcomes`

Sample Space

The collection of all possible outcome values

Law of Large Numbers

Repeat trial(or event) over and over again, the prob. turns out to be one number

Empirical Probability

When a person gets results from an event occuring

Theoretical Probability

Using math and rules, nothing occurs

Disjoint Events

Two events that cannot occur at the same time

Independent Events

Knowing the result of an event occurring does not change the probability of the other event occurring

The "Or" Rules

1. If the events are disjoint: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

2. If the events are not disjoint: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B)

The "And" Rules

1. For independent events: P(A and B)=P(A)xP(B)

2. General Rule for Indep./Non-Indep.: P(A and B)=P(A)xP(B/A)

The Compliment Rule

A prob. that is likely to "not" occur: P(A^C)=1-P(A)

The Conditional Rules

The prob. of B given A; P(B/A)=P(B)

Independence Rules

Independence and Disjoint cannot happen at the same time

a. Two events can be independent OR disjoint

With Replacement

A deck of cards: means the cards put back in the original set and the probabilities of a single draw remain the same

Without Replacement

A deck of cards: the 1st card since it is not replaced the probabilities are different for the 2nd choice

What are Venn diagrams

Very complex probabilities