motor behavior quiz 2 ch 4-6

biomechanical approach to manage hypertonicity focuses on?

altering muscle length thru prolonged stretching → manually OR cast, orthoses, splits

altering pt position → improves muscle length

hierarchy of sensory function

low → high

detection → discrimination → quantification → cortical sensation

detection → single pt stimulus

discrimination → btw 2 stimuli

quantification → organize tactile stimuli according to degree (roughness/wt)

cortical sensation → graphesthesia, stereognosis (recognize car in hand)

UE flexion synergy presentation

scapular retraction & elevation

shoulder abd & ER

elbow flex

forearm sup

finger & wrist flex

LE extensor synergy

hip ext, add & IR

knee ext

ankle PF & inversion

toe PF

explicit learning is impaired w/ pt w/ lesion where?

medial temporal lobe damage (implicit retained)

lesion in prefrontal cortex impairs explicit or implicit learning?

both

what contributes to early recovery?

reduction of edema & resolution of diaschisis (loss of function in structurally intact brain area due to loss of input from anatomically connected injured area)

short vs long term habituation vs long term sensitization

short term → decrease in EPSP amplitude

long term → decrease in # of connections (structural change)

habituation exercises → inner ear disorder, dizziness w/ head mvmts

long term sensitization → increase in # of connections

BG pathology - hyper vs hypokinetic disorders

hypo → Parkinson

hyper → athletoid CP, huntington's, hemiballismus

hyperkinetic disorders characterized by

excess, involuntary mvmt & hypotonicity

chorea vs athetosis

both result of BG disorder

chorea → involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky mvms (side effect of antiparkinsonian meds as well)

athetosis → slow, involuntary, writhing & twisting mvmts; UE > LE; may also involve neck, face, tongue

dystonia initiated/worsened w/?

characterized by?

primarily result of?

voluntary action

associated w/ overflow muscle activation, unintentional muscle contraction

characterized by agonist/antagonist muscle contraction

primarily disorder of BG disorder, but also could be thalamus, brainstem & cerebellum lesion

APTA model of practice

exam → history, review of systems, test & measures, data collection to form diagnosis, prognosis, POC

evaluation → clinical reasoning based on data from exam

prognosis, diagnosis → intervention

plan of care

table 5.2 pg 134 non equilibrium test of coordination

10 principles of neuroplasticity article

use it or lose it

use it & improve it

specificity → skill acquisition enhances corticospinal excitability (specific rather than generalized)

repetition matters → acquisition of skill & continued performance over time

intensity matters → higher better as long as pt stable, sensitivity to overuse (potential neg side effect of training intensity after brain damage - overuse impaired extremities that worsens function)

time matters → gene expression → synaptic formation → motor map reorganization; find optimal window; time delays - self taught compensatory behavior

salience matters → what is important to pt, more motivated & increased attention, involves Ach → administration of Ach agonist - enhance recovery after brain damage;

age matters → younger brain recover better, older - can, takes longer; healthy old animals benefit from complex motor skills training, exercise, exposure to complex & social environments

transference → 1 facilitates another, direct electrical stimulation of motor cortex enhances recovery

interference → teaching 1 behavior can interfere w/ another