Vertebrae
Segments of bone or other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone
notochord
a rod tough, flexible material that runs the entire length of the animal's body
urochordata
organisms that have a notochord through the larva stage but not in the adult stage
cephalochordata
organisms that have a notochord throughout their life
vertebrata
organisms that have a notochord in early development and then it turns into a backbone
endoskeleton
(found inside) are typically composed of bone or cartilage
periosteum
a dense membrane that contains blood vessels that supply O2 and nutrients to the cells in the bone (nerves)
bone marrow
the soft tissue inside the bone that makes blood cells
cartilage
made up of collagen fibers too, but it's not reinforced with calcium salts (weaker and more flexible than bones)
Hemoglobin
a protein that is in cells that make vertebrate blood red
internal fertilization
process where the male places sperm inside the female's body, the eggs are fertilized
external fertilization
process where the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once outside the female
oviparous development
development occurs in an egg that's hatched outside the females body
ovoviviparous development
development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body
viviparous development
development that occurs inside the female, where the offspring gains nutrients from the placenta
anadromous
creatures hatched in freshwater, move to salt water adults, go back to fresh water to reproduce
clasper
part of the male pelvic fin that transfers the sperm
Lateral line
a canal that run the length of their body filled with receptors that detect small vibrations underwater
Opercula
covers the gills
Ectothermic
cold-blooded
milt
a milky substance that contains sperm
hibernation
a state of really low metabolism and respiration low body temps
Amniotic eggs
an embryo develops inside a fluid-filled amniotic sac
Amnion
grows around the embryo, forming a fluid filled sac
Yolk sac
encloses the yolk which contains the nutrients that feeds the embryo
Allantois
a sac of blood vessels that allows the embryo to respire and excrete
chorion
a membrane that surrounds all the allantois, embryo, and yolk
Scutes
scales on snakes bellies that help them in locomotion
endothermic
warm blooded
Studied by 31 People