3D. Granulocyte Function

3 - 6 days

Divide

Blasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes are in the bone marrow mitotic pool _____ days, and that is where they _____.

Post-mitotic

Metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutrophils are in the bone marrow _____________ pool about 6 days, and that is where they _______.

Released into the circulation

What happens when neutrophils are mature or are needed by the body?

50% circulating granulocyte pool and 50% marginating pool

Total granulocyte neutrophil pool consists of

True

True or False. There is a rapid and free exchange of neutrophils between the Circulating Granulocyte Pool and Marginating Granulocyte Pool

Diapedese

Neutrophils ______ into the tissues from the Marginating pool in response to antigenic stimulation.

Chemotactic factors

Attract the neutrophil to the site of inflammation ;include complement, bacterial products, injured tissue, hemostatic components

Opsonins

Help neutrophils recognize a substance as foreign. Examples are IgG and complement component C3b

Respiratory burst

What is a process called when there is neutrophilic degranulation to release lytic enzymes?

Neutrophil attachment to the foreign object

Formation of a vacuole around it

Neutrophil degranulation to release lytic enzymes in an effort to kill the organism

3 Steps of Phagocytosis

Oxidants

Neutrophils are sensitive to the ______ they secrete and are destroyed in the process.

Necrosis

Apoptosis

Blood and tissue cells in the body undergo cell death through _____ and _____

Necrosis

Is induced by extracellular forces such as lethal chemical, biological, or physical events. The blood cells is “killed”

Apoptosis

Is “programmed cell death” due to extracellular or intracellular processes that depend on a signal.

Bacterial infections and growth factor therapy

Toxic changes are associated with ______ and ______

Neutrophils

Visible response to infection (toxic changes) is by what cells?

Toxic granulation

Is prominent granulation due to persistent staining of primary granule. Neutrophil cytoplasm normall contains only visible, small, secondary granules.

Toxic vacuolation

Colorless area in the cytoplasm that indicate phagocytosis and degranulation have occurred.

Döhle bodies

Small oval inclusions (RNA) located in the cytoplasm that stains light blue

Shift to the left

Refers to an increased number of myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and/or bands in the peripheral blood. It is associated with either increased or decreased WBC counts.

Regenerative shift to the left

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

Is an appropriate bone marrow response to increased demand for neutrophils. It is seen in infection or in other physiological or pathologival conditions requiring neutrophils.

Regenerative shift to the left

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

WBC count above the reference range.

Regenerative left shift

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

Most common type of left shift

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

Is seen after an overwhelming infection in which bine marrow production cannot keep up with increased need for neutrophils

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

Associated with poor prognosis

Degenerative shift to the left

Indicate whether it is Regenerative shift to left or Degenerative shift to the left

WBC count below the reference range

Eosinophils

In the blood only for a few hours before seeking a tissue site such as nasal passages, skin, or urinarybtract

Basophils

In the bloody only a few hours before migrating to the site of inflammation in the tissues

Eosinophils

They can degranulate like neutrophils. They express Fc receptors for IgE, which is a response to parasitic infections.

Eosinophils

They release substances that can neutralize products released by basophils and mast cells; eosinophils modulate the allergic response.

Basophils

They express membrane receptors for IgE. Once activated, degranulation releases histamine. This initiates the classic signs of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions (Type I).

Basophils

Release a chemotactic factor that attracts eosinophils to the site.