cognitive explanation and treatment for depression

what does the cognitive approach beleive causes depression

depression is due to irrational thoughts and from maladaptive internal mental process

schema

mental frame work built from experiences

becs negative triad

negative self schema about the: our self, the world and the future

negative triad is developed in childhood and leads to cognitive distortions

what are 2 types of cognitive distortions

overgenralisation

selective abstraction

overgenralisation

one negative experience leads to the assumption the same thing will happen every time

selective abstraction

mentally filtering out positive experiences and focusing on the negative

Ellis ABC model

Activating event

Belief

Consequence

Masturbatory belief

The consequence of not accepting we dont live in a perfect world

Types of disputing

Empirical

Logic

Pragmatic

EVAL

+Gazoli and Terry-assesed 65 women before and after birth-women with more negative schemas were more likely to develop post partum depression

+CBT which is developed from Becks negative triad is 81 effective to treating depression after 36 weeks of sessions

-family studies have found that depression may be hereditery and effected by seretonin and thats why SSRI are equally as effective at treating depression as CBT

what does REBT and CBT both have in common for treatment

both look to change negative self schemas and challenge irrational thoughts

Becks CBT

1-paitent test the validity of there irrational thoughts to challenge them

2-they identify irrational though through negative triad

3-Set HW-keep a dairy to record any negative thoughts and possible causes of them

4-sufferer is told to take part in activities they used to enjoy

Ellis REBT

rational emotive behavioural therapy

ABC model plus Dispute (therapist confront irrational thoughts) and Effect (reduction in irrational thoughts)

Shame attacking exercise

part of REBT where paitents preform activities they fear doing infront of other people to prove they can go against there emotions

EVAL

+march-327 ppx split into either CBT, drug therapy or CBT and Drug therapy- both CBT , Drug therapy had 81% effectivness and CBT caused less suicidal events and had no side effects- counter CBT X Drug therapy was most effective with 86%

-individual differences- if patient isn’t self aware you cannot reduce symptoms due to reluctance

-therapy is expensive compared to drug therapy but equally as effective

-Both REBT and CBT- focus on the present when lots of depression stems from past events so possibly too simplistic