Studied by 42 PeopleAllele
Tags & Description
Allele
One to two forms of a gene, are found in the same place on a chromosome, represented by one letter (B)
Gene
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring. Determines characteristics of offspring, represented by 2 letters (Bb)
Genetics
the branch of science that deals with heredity
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
What is meiosis
when a single reproductive cell divides into 4 different cells that each contain half of the genetic info
what is mitosis
when a single cell divides into 2 different cells that each have all the genetic info
what is the backbone of the DNA made of
Sugars and phosphate
The bases in DNA are known by what letters
G, C, A, T
What will Adenine bond to
Thymine
What will guanine only bond to
cytosine
What are the stages of mitosis
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
What are examples of an inherited characteristics
eye colour, hair colour , hair type
what are examples of non-inherited characteristics
scars, talents, dyed hair
What are examples of continuous variations
Height, mass, hair colour
What are examples of discrete variations
Blood type, gender, ability to curl tongue
What are examples of mutagens
x-rays, ultraviolet rays, chemicals
What is artificial selection
The process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits to produce offspring
what are some drawbacks to artificial selection
decreased genetic diversity, more vulnerable to disease
What is cloning
making a genetically identical copy of an organism
what is artificial insemination
sperm in harvested from a desirable make and inserted into a female
what is in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Fertilization happens outside of the body in a petri dish and is placed in a female
What is genetic engineering (Genetically modified organisms)
Technique where they move pieces of DNA from one cell to another
What are the 4 statements Darwin used to explain natural selection
All organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive
There is an incredible variation within each species
Some of those variations increase the chances of an organism surviving to reproduce
Overtime, variation that are passed on lead to changes in the genetic characteristics of a species
Who discovered the structure of DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick