Anatomy Cardiovascular System- heart
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30 Terms
what do cardiac muscles contain?
intercalated discs and desmosomes
what are the 4 chambers in the heart
2 ventricles on the bottom and 2 atria on the top
what septum separates the atria
the interatrial septum
what septum separates the ventricles
the interventricular septum
how many liters of blood per minute does the blood pump at rest
5 liters
where is the heart located
in the mediastinum (space in the center of the thoracic cavity)
what is surrounded by a connective tissue sac
PERICARDIUM
what is the outer layer of the pericardium
fibrous pericardium (durable, inelastic)
what does the fibrous pericardium prevent?
overstretching of the heart
what is the inner layer of pericardium
serous pericardium
what are the layer of the serous pericardium
visceral pericardium (inner) and parietal pericardium (outer)
what is the space between the pericardium layers
pericardial space
what does the pericardial space reduce?
reduces friction
what is it called if the pericardial sac becomes inflamed
Pericarditis
pericarditis leads to:
difficulty with heart beat
what happens when there is extra fluid build up in the pericardial cavity
will cause the heart not to be able to expand (cardiac tamponade)- may be fatal
what are the three layers to the heart
1) endocardium
2) myocardium
3) epicardium
endocardium
inner layer within the chambers
myocardium
majority of heart—muscle tissue
epicardium
outer layer
where does the left ventricle pump the blood to?
to the systemic circulation (whole body)
where does the right ventricle pump blood to
only to the lungs for release of CO2 and acquiring of O2.
what is the average heart rate at rest
70- 80 beats per minute
what is a rapid heart rate called
tachycardia
what is a slow heart rate called
bradycardia
what is it called when a ventricle contracts
systole
what is it called when a ventricle relaxes to refill with blood?
diastole
what does reduced blood flow in the coronary arteries cause?
Angina pectoris (chest pain)