Biology: Cell Structure and Function单词卡 | Quizlet

cell theory

theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.

cytoplasm

jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles.

organelle

membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell.

prokaryotic cell

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

eukaryotic cell

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

cytoskeleton

network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell.

nucleus

organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as the storehouse for most of a cell's DNA.

endoplasmic reticulum

interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins. (Highway system)

ribosome

organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins.

golgi apparatus

stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins. (Post office)

vesicle

small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm.

mitochondrion

bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.

vacuole

organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes, that are needed by the cell.

lysosome

organelle that contains enzymes to break down debris and old organelles

centriole

small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; aids cell division (Found only in animal cells)

cell wall

rigid structure made of cellulose that gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants

chloroplast

organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll.

cell membrane

double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell.

Robert Hooke

The word "cell" was first used in late 1665 by Robert Hooke. He looked at thin slices of cork (plant cells) under the microscope.

Leeuwenhoek

many simple microscopes to observe things in nature that interested him. First to see and describe microorganisms under the microscope.

Matthias Schleiden

Schleiden said that all plants are made of cells

Theodore Schwann

Schwann said that all animals are made of cells.

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes

Cells need to turn food, usually sugar, into energy, what organelle would you expect to be VERY plentiful in these cells?

Mitochondria

Chlorophyll, in plant cells, is stored in an organelle that is VERY plentiful in leaf cells. What are these organelles?

Chloroplast

What cells, other than plant cells, contain chlorophyll?

Prokaryotes and Protist

What organelle in plants is designed to store water and nutrients?

Vacuole

In a cell, once this organelle locates an invader, they engulf it. What organelle is this?

Lysosome

What organelles would you expect to be plentiful in protein rich muscle cells?

Ribosomes

To what organelle are these protein making organelles often found attached?

Rough ER

Mammalian cells do not have a control center. What organelle is missing from there cells?

Nucleus