Lecture 1 Anatomical Terms, Back & Shoulder

Anatomical Position

Standing, Facing forward (anterior), Upper limbs at side of body, Palms forward (anterior), Toes forward (anterior)

Supine

Prone

Median sagittal plane

Vertical plane passing through center of body (divide into left and right halves)

Sagittal Plane

Any vertical plane parallel to the median plane

Coronal Plane

Any vertical plane perpendicular to median sagittal plane (divide into front and back)

Transverse Plane

Any vertical plane perpendicular to both sagittal and coronal planes (divide into top and bottom)

Superior

nearer to head

Inferior

nearer to feet

Medial

Lateral

Proximal

nearer to trunk or point of origin

Distal

further from trunk or point of origin

Anterior

Posterior

Superficial

nearer to surface

Deep

further from surface

Bilateral

on both sides (paired)

Unilateral

on one side

Ipsilateral

on the same side

Contralateral

on the opposite side

Ventral

inferior side/abdominal surface

Dorsal

superior side/back surface of anything that protrudes anteriorly from the body

Palmar

palm side of hand

Plantar

sole side of the foot

Abduction

moves a limb away from the midline

Adduction

moves a limb toward the midline

Flexion

Decreases the angle between two body parts (folding or bending)

Extension

Increases the angle between two body parts (straightening)

Medial Rotation

rotation brings the anterior surface of a limb toward the body's midline

Lateral Rotation

rotation moves the anterior surface away from the midline

Pronation

Supination

Inversion

Eversion

Dorsiflexion

Plantarflexion

Elevation

Depression

Protraction

Refraction

Circumduction

Digit Flexion

Digit Extension

Digit Abduction

Digit Adduction

Digit Opposition

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

The Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

The Clavicle, Scapula, Upper limb bones, Pelvis, Lower limb bones

What is this structure?

Craniocervical junction

What is this structure?

Cervical Spine

What is this structure?

Cervicothoracic Junction

What is this structure?

Thoracic Spine

What is this structure?

Thoracolumbar Junction

What is this structure?

Lumbar spine

What is the structure?

Lumbosacral junction

What is the structure?

Sacrum

Vertebral arch

Body

Vertebral foramen

Pedicle

Transverse process

Superior articular process

Lamina

Spinous process

Transverse process

Inferior articular process

Intervertebral disk

Intervertebral foreman

Cervical Vertebrae

consist of 7 vertebrae, dorsal curve (lordosis), small vertebral bodies, transverse foramina

atlas (C1)

first cervical vertebrae

axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae

Bifid spinous process

Body

Transverse foreman

intervertebral foramen

the space between the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae – each contains a spinal nerve and dorsal root ganglion