2 WW1

M-A-I-N Causes:

 Militarism (aggressive military build-up)

 Alliances (treaty systems)

 Imperialism (competition for colonies)

Nationalism (intense national pride)

Important Alliances

Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary,Italy

Triple Entente- Great Britain, France, Russia

Triple Entente:

The pre-war alliance between France, Great Britain, and Russia.

The Spark:

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne) by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.

What did these alliances do?

These alliances caused a small conflict to grow into a world war.

Immediate Cause of WWI

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Heir to Austria-Hungary’s throne

• Killed by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist

• June 28, 1914

Militarism –

glorification of military power

Mobilization –

 preparing troops for war

Nationalism –

 strong pride in one’s nation

Conscription –

military draft

Trench Warfare

Most fighting on the Western Front happened in trenches.

Trench Warfare Conditions:

Conditions:

• Mud

• Rats

• Disease

• Constant shelling

• That disgusting trench foot thing

Trench Warfare Result:

Stalemate (neither side could win)

Battle of Marne-

Stopped German advance into France

Battle of Verdun-

 longest  battle

Battle of Somme-

massive casualties 

United States reasoning for entering the war-

sinking of the Lusitania, Zimmerman telegram, Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare 

Sinking of the Lusitania-

a famous shipwreck during World War I.  A German submarine shot a torpedo at a British passenger ship

Zimmerman telegram-

a secret 1917 diplomatic message sent by Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico. If the U.S. entered the war against Germany, Mexico should attack the U.S. in exchange for recovering Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona

Total War

Governments controlled:

• Factories

• Food supplies

• Economies

• Media/propaganda

Women entered factories and workplaces during the war.

Trench warfare –

 fighting from trenches

Propaganda –

information used to influence opinion

Total war –

complete use of a country’s resources for war

War of attrition –

wearing down the enemy

Problems in Russia

• Poverty

• Food shortages

• Military defeats in WWI

• Weak leadership from Czar Nicholas II

March Revolution (1917)

• Workers protested in Petrograd

• Soldiers joined protesters

• Czar Nicholas II abdicated

Result: MR

• End of the Romanov dynasty

Provisional Government-

Temporary government after the czar fell.

Problems: PG

• Continued fighting in WWI

• Could not solve food shortages

Bolsheviks-

 Radical socialist group led by Vladimir Lenin

Lenin’s Promises

• “Peace, Land, Bread”

• End the war

• Give land to peasants

Russian Civil war

- reds ( bolsheviks/comunists)  won, whites ( anti comunists) Communist government established

Soviets –

 councils of workers and soldiers

Communism –

system where property is owned collectively

War Communism –

government control during civil war

End of the War Germany Collapses

• German military weakened

• Starvation and unrest increased

• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated

Armistice

Fighting ended on- November 11, 1918

Treaty of Versailles (1919) Main Terms of the Treaty

Germany had to: Accept blame for the war, Pay reparations, Reduce military size, Lose territory

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Goals:

• Peace without revenge

• Self-determination

• League of Nations

League of Nations

International organization created to keep peace.

Weakness:

• United States never joined

Results of WWI-

Millions dead,New countries create, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empires collapsed, Set stage for World War II

Kaiser Wilhelm II-

German emperor

Woodrow Wilson-

• U.S president/ Fourteen points 

Vladimir Lenin-

 Leader of Bolsheviks