unit 2: lesson 1 ( cell function+sturcutre)

Ribosomes

1) Tiny cellular structures made of rRNA and proteins

2) They are found in all things and demonstrate common ancestors

3) Has prokaryotes + eukaryotes

What is the function of ribosomes?

To produce proteins based on mRNA sequences

Endomembrane system

A collection of membrane bound cell parts that modify package and transport cellular products in vesicles( tiny sacks)

What does the Endo membrane system makes to package and transport?

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins

What’s inside the Endomembrane system.

Nuclear envelope

Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi apparatus

Vesticles

Lysosomes

Vacuoles

Plasma membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

System of membranes that help cells maintain their shape and ship cellular products to other parts of the cell

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Smooth ER

Rough ER

What is the function of the smooth ER?

To detoxify cells and synthesize / produce lipids( breakdown, toxic substance )

What is the purpose of rough ER( bumby)

Embedded within ribosomes and separates ( compartmentlizes) cell parts and helps with protein synthesis.

Golgi complex

A flattened memory sack that correctly folds and modifies newly made cellular products and packages proteins and vesicles for shipping

What part of the cell is the “shipping center”?

Golgi complex

Lysosomes

Membrane enclosed sack that hydrolyzes/breaks down materials and aids in apoptosis ( programmed cell death)

Apoptosis

When a cells self-destruct on purpose because it’s old damaged or no longer needed(a clean and Safeway for the sale to die so it doesn’t harm the rest of the body)

Vacuoles

Membrane bounce sack that stores materials

What part of the cell is the “storage unit”?

Vacuoles

What is the difference between plant vacuoles and animal vacuoles?

Plant cells- central vacuole maintains turgor pressure , to store nutrients and water

Animal cells- more plentiful and smaller

Turgor pressure

The pressure of water inside a plant cell that pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall.

Transport vesicles

Nuclear membrane

Plasma membrane

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell

Why is mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell?

Because it synthesizes ATP / the cellar energy

ATP

The chemical used for cells to access energy

What is important about the mitochondria structure?

It contains a double membrane:(smooth, outer membrane, and a folded inner membrane for compartmentalization/ organization and efficiency)

Chroloplasts

A double membrane organelle found in plants in algae

Which organism only has chloroplast ?

Plant cells

What is the function of chloroplast?

To observe light energy in store into chemical bonds to create sugars