Chapter 5

Which of the following refers to the series of steps in muscle contraction?

The sliding filament theory

What is the name for projections protruding from the bone to which tendons and ligaments attach?

processes

At what age is the adolescent brain considered to be fully developed?

25

When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

Sympathetic nervous system

What activity is especially beneficial for combating the loss of muscle mass, power, and strength for aging adults?

Resistance training

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine from a posterior view?

Concave lumbar curve

At what age is total peak bone mass reached?

30

What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?

To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

What is explained by the sliding filament theory?

The shortening of a sarcomere to produce a muscle contraction

Which system puts the body into a relaxed state, termed rest and digest?

Parasympathetic nervous system

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

They act as shock absorbers.

What is the function of the neuromuscular junction?

The site where the nervous system and muscle fibers communicate

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

Fascia

Which type of muscle fiber is predominantly used during movements that require high levels of force and power, such as a sprint?

type 2

Human movement is accomplished through the functional integration of three systems within the human body: the nervous system, the skeletal system, and what other system?

Muscular

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

Troponin

What is the correct order of fascia, starting with the most superficial?

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

Nonaxial

What is the bone type of the clavicle, radius, and ulna?

Long

What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?

Remodeling

Which system supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body?

Autonomic nervous system

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

Motor function

What is the concept that describes the human body as a chain of interdependent links that work together to perform movement?

Kinetic Chain

Which joints are most associated with human movement?

Synovial

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Appendicular

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

Neuroplasticity

What is a characteristic of a type I muscle fiber?

Less force production

One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?

Peripheral nervous system

What is a characteristic of a type II muscle fiber?

Short-term contractions

What are the two categories of bone markings?

Depression and Processes

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

Nonaxial

What are the three types of muscles in the body?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

When a gymnast balances on a beam, they are aware of their body's general orientation and the relative position of its parts. This is due to which key sensory function?

Proprioception

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

Which mechanoreceptor is sensitive to changes in muscular tension and rate of that tension change, causing the muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress and possible injury?

Golgi tendon organs

Which of the following is the functional unit of a muscle cell?

A sarcomere

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Neuron

Weight-bearing exercise helps strengthen bones through what process?

Remodeling

What is it called when a ligament is overstretched or torn?

A sprain